Follow-up Questions for 2nd Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Follow-up Questions for second Writing - Assignment Example oved from Montgomery to Hampton to search for green fields and generally in light of the fact that park had conflicts with King and different leaders of the social equality development. Parks found another line of work in Hampton as a master in an inn and after a brief time they moved again to Michigan (Parks and Reed 2006, 44). Until in 1965, Park worked as a sewer when the American-African representative for U.S, J.Conyers utilized her as a secretary. In 1970, Parks encountered the most exceedingly awful of her live when ailment struck her, her significant other, sibling and mother making her concede gifts from well-wishers (Weidt 2003, 76). Later on Parks was associated with a fall mishap while she was strolling on a frosty walkway and she was hospitalized with broken bones. It was a major blow when she lost her relatives inside a limited capacity to focus time (Weidt 2003, 81). In 1980 she gave herself to establishing and raising accounts for mutual rights and learning affiliations. In 1992 she distributed her autography named Rosa Park-my story which was pointing the energetic age and there after her journal Quiet Strength and calls attention to the essentialness job her confidence played in her life (Weidt 2003, 84). In 1994, she was assaulted by a medication someone who is addicted a trial that damaged her for long. She showed up on the film in 1999 in the wake of taking an interest in a film called Touched by an Angel (Weidt 2003, 91). In 2000 her wellbeing decayed and was nearly removed from her condo when a Baptist church acted the hero because of high aggregation of lease obligations (Weidt 2003, 91). She was regarded and gotten numerous honors because of her accomplishments and later kicked the bucket on October

Affirmitive Action in California :: essays research papers

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society in California      Affirmative activity has been the subject of expanding discussion and pressure in our general public. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society hosts isolated political gatherings, networks and grounds the country over. The premise behind governmental policy regarding minorities in society is that in view of past separation and persecution, for example, the inconsistent treatment of ladies, and the oppression of African Americans, minorities and ladies experience issues contending with their white male partners. Tax reductions for home purchasers may not be right yet what's up are the individuals who exploit a wide range of breaks for themselves while denying governmental policy regarding minorities in society for the most abused of society. The administration runs numerous projects to expand open doors for different gatherings including ladies, racial and ethnic minority gatherings. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is important to guarante e the enlistment and work of ladies, minorities, individuals with inabilities, and Vietnam veterans. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is a term, which alludes to an assortment of endeavors utilized by bosses and instructive organizations to defeat past and proceeding with segregation so as to permit qualified ladies and minorities to contend similarly for occupations, training, and limited time openings.      When discussing governmental policy regarding minorities in society, there is a typical misguided judgment between meeting share and fulfilling objectives. A share is a number that must be accomplished. Thus, if an organization neglects to show it has put forth an attempt toward following this share the organization can be fined. This is each not quite the same as a governmental policy regarding minorities in society objective. An objective is an adaptable rate, which is built up by the organization to accomplish an assorted workforce. The rate depends on the accessibility of minorities and females in the region. One of the objectives is to ensure that numerous individuals are made mindful of employment opportunities as conceivable to guarantee that the candidate pool is intelligent of the quantity of individuals, who are qualified. To achieve this, businesses place promotions in various sorts of diaries, including diaries for ladies and minorities. Objectives and sche dules energize the recruiting of individuals from ladies and minority gatherings. Prior to governmental policy regarding minorities in society, organizations didn't post their employments on announcement sheets. Someone coincidentally knew somebody who required an occupation and the activity was filled. That individual was not generally the best-qualified individual for the activity. By what method can an organization perhaps tell on the off chance that it is recruiting the best individuals on the off chance that they just think about a little bit of the populace? One can't expect that all the white guys out there are normally qualified and all the minorities and ladies are given breaks since they couldn't in any way, shape or form be qualified.

Human Cloning And Its Disadvantages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Cloning And Its Disadvantages - Essay Example  The laws daunted researchers and specialists the same who accept that human cloning can propel humankind. Be that as it may, a restricting perspective on human cloning started to widen as we slowly comprehend the suggestions human cloning may present later on. As of late, specialists in different fields fight that human cloning could turn into a danger to society on the off chance that we don't practice judiciousness and reasonability in the use of the said innovation. Pros and common residents the same state that human cloning ought to be prohibited in light of its unfavorable good and moral ramifications, it is incredibly dangerous and it is socially and mentally harmful. The laws alarmed researchers and specialists the same who accept that human cloning can propel mankind. Be that as it may, a contradicting view on human cloning started to widen as we progressively comprehend the suggestions human cloning may present later on.  Recently, specialists in different fields figh t that human cloning could turn into a danger to society on the off chance that we don't practice judiciousness and reasonability in the usage of the said innovation.  Specialists and standard residents the same declare that human cloning ought to be restricted in light of its antagonistic good and moral ramifications, it is incredibly dangerous and it is socially and mentally harmful.â The possibility of using cloning innovation, not only for the motivations behind treatment and treatment of hereditarily connected infected yet in addition cloning people for another reason, present significant moral questions.... This conduct toward kids could likewise prompt heightened2commercialization and industrialization of human multiplication and could result to another 'selective breeding' in which guardians pick what 'sort' of hereditarily 'adjusted' kid to have. Another of thought we have to take a gander at, is the contention with respects the chance of making human life so as to annihilate it at long last. As there are two most normal possibilities of human cloning, one of which is the cloning to duplicate an 'entire' person and the other one is for remedial purposes, most of the President's Council focused on that cloning for helpful purposes obliges that 3the production of human life explicitly and solely with the end goal of its utilization in investigate, look into that fundamentally includes its pulverization, ... transform[ing] beginning human life into just an asset instrument. Another peril that accompanies the usage of the innovation to clone people is identified with wellbeing. The Council on Bioethics attested that, 4[g]iven the highrates of dreariness and mortality in the cloning of different warm blooded creatures, we accept that cloning-to-deliver kids would be amazingly risky. Researchers and specialists concurred that the logical data show that the procedures used by researchers isn't sheltered on people as appeared in the trials with creatures exhibiting that, with a lot of endeavors to clone life, just a couple of rate is effective. What's more, an incredible number of the clones kick the bucket during growth and frequently infant clones convey variations from the norm or bite the dust therefore. Albeit many substance that the dangers are diminished as the innovation propels, conceptive cloning is exorbitant and profoundly

Big Drive Auto Scenario Pricing Essay

Activities and arranging are critical to all associations, supplier’, and clients around the globe. Financing costs impact tasks and arranging, with respect to Big Drives resources and liabilities. Low loan costs take into account serious rates and administrations. Higher financing costs increment activities costs, diminish business, and lose clients. At the point when expenses are not passed onto the purchaser, benefits decrease. The activity Costs are characterized as the everyday costs caused in maintaining a business, for example, deals and organization, instead of creation (InvestorGuide. com, 2009). Yield Curve Steep climbing bends are commonly created at the base of a downturn. They come about when momentary security rates are not exactly long haul rates. This shape is regular toward the start of a monetary development, after the finish of a downturn. These bends foresee for financial specialists a time of swelling, rising loan costs, and restoring request (SmartMoney, 2009). Thinking about the as of late disintegrated execution of GM, because of the downturn, a more splendid expectation with expanded interest can be normal for Big Drive. Client Demand for Products Interest rates and client request are contrarily related. The higher rates are, the lower utilization is. At the point when salary is restricted, clients spend less, bringing about diminished deals. Changing costs to conquer decreased buyer request can be executed. Alluring evaluating methodologies and innovative motivators can help. When the yield bend plays out, request will increment and market will address. Reliance on Monetary Variables other than loan costs, for example, business cycles causes repetitive developments in the economy. During development, yield and work rise. A quick ascent in swelling may happen, because of the extension cycle. On the other hand, during a downturn, decrease in yield of merchandise and enterprises happens.

Narrative on a Special Place Essay Example for Free

Story on a Special Place Essay My affection for Africa Hello everybody my name is Tulsi Amin and I go to South University at the West Palm Beach Campus in Florida. I have been to various places throughout my life and in reality I have remained in three unique mainlands starting at now. I was conceived in India moved to Kenya when I was two and last goal is America since the age of 10. Africa is the place I consider my youth where I figured out how to play with butterflies saw talking parrots and was visited by wild monkeys much of the time in my patio. With my encounters with individuals in the Western world and their delineation of Africa resembling the â€Å"Jungle Book† I wish I can take them all there to see the truth of this delightful mainland. I lived in Nairobi, Kenya the capital city of that nation. There are no lions, tigers or giraffes in the city as I have heard numerous individuals ask me. We do have tall structures, shopping centers, open transportation and homes worked out of block. In spite of the fact that I lived there from the age of two to eight I recall numerous things that are uncommon to me today. I had an auntie that lived in a town called Thompson Falls that was on the Equator and the climate was constantly impeccable there. I used to go there numerous summers and go down cascades and see enormous hippos seasoning in the waterway. I met the nearby clans that are called Masais and figured out how to make inborn pieces of jewelry out of gemstones. Africa is a nation that is brimming with culture and having been lived there has caused me to acknowledge numerous things in life that are rare assets that we underestimate somewhere else. At the point when I moved to America in 1993 and began school in New Jersey I was so energized when I saw a couple of dark understudies in my group. I went up to them and began talking in Swahili and they took a gander at me and answered â€Å"I am sorry we are not Indian† So I disclosed to them no this is your language. All the understudies took a gander at me and said our language is English. That’s when I discovered that African Americans don't communicate in Swahili the local language of Kenya. As I got familiar with history and subjugation and perceived what number of African Americans lost their underlying foundations to their country it was a reality check for me. I am happy this is a rich piece of my life and will consistently be an exceptional spot for me. Albeit numerous individuals got a bright portrayal of Africa and the safaris through Disney’s Lion King the genuine safari is considerably all the more energizing to see. I do recall venturing out to other littler towns that were on the edges on our way we would zebras touching in this tremendous open green land. Commonly we have seen giraffes, gazelles and elephants simply making the most of their characteristic territory. These recollections and sightings are something that I will always remember. I love that nation and am enchanted that it is a piece of my life. I will adore imparting these recollections to my kids and wanting to take them one day to see Kenya, Africa. Throughout the years I figured how I may cause individuals to acknowledge different nations and their way of life. America is known as the â€Å"melting pot† where various societies come to get by yet are we so uninformed to find out pretty much every one of these societies. As a kid when I went to class I was instructed pretty much all significant religions and how to regard others and their convictions. As it's been said instruction and habits are trained youthful and school is the place this gratefulness for different societies ought to be educated. Cutting edge training needs to execute the positive parts of different nations, for example, showing understudies their way of life, economy, what these nations are popular for. I found out about bondage which is a major piece of part history however now the time has come to instruct and acknowledge where the slaves originated from. They left their underlying foundations so a long ways behind that a significant number of them don't have a clue where they originated from in Africa. We live in a cutting edge world where everybody around us originates from various foundations, qualities and convictions. We as a whole have extraordinary importance for the spots where we originate from and I think we merit for others to regard these spots. There are issues all over yet notwithstanding them when they place is exceptional to any of us we will in general disregard the issues. We have to have a receptive outlook and space to investigate and find out about different nations and societies.

The Blame Upon Victor Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, it is clear to lay the blame upon Victor Frankenstein. The definition of blame is the assignation of responsibility towards someone/something for a fault or wrong. Victors love and passion for science led to a monstrous idea and ended up killing three people. While his pride was a driving force, abandoning the creature was not a smart move. Due to the fact that his idea was matched with the act of doing gives the right to put forth the blame. Clearly, Victor Frankensteins pride and hunger for recognition blinded his reasoning and abandoning the creature brought blame upon himself. In light of the formation of the creature, Frankensteins pride pushed it further to existence. It all started during his childhood; natural philosophy changed the way he saw things and was purely obsessed with science. At age thirteen, Victor attended a party of pleasure to the baths near Thonon, where due to weather conditions, had to stay at an inn in which he founded the works of Cornelius Agrippa(a philosopher). He became intrigued; therefore sought to his father to show him the book, but his father turned it down calling it sad trash. Victors father was not scientific in the least and always turned to logic, whereas Victor thrived for science. His father never understood Frankensteins passion for science, and so it drove Frankensteins desire for intelligence. My father was not scientific, and I was left to struggle with a childs blindness, added to a students thirst for knowledge.(Shelley 36). Blind indeed Frankenstein was, but not from the lack of information given as a child; he was blinded by his own pride and the scarcity of judgement. Victors knowledge continued to grow as did his pride leading up to the creation of the creature. Wealth was an inferior object, but what glory would attend the discovery if I could banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death! Nor were these my only visions. The raising of ghosts or devils was a promise liberally accorded by my favourite authors, the fulfillment of which I most eagerly sought; and if my incantations were always unsuccessful, I attributed the failure rather to my own inexperience and mistake than to a want of skill or fidelity in my instructors. (Shelley 36). In this quote his pride shows by his obsession over the idea of the recognition from his accomplishment, not thinking of the whole picture. His focus was on him and what he could possibly bring to the table of science. Frankenstein could be defined as a narcissist, fantasising over success, power, and brilliance, who takes advantage of others and has a hard time maintaining relationships; entitled. Since his only thoughts were on himself, it lead his pride take over, constructing a demolition. As shown above, Victor Frankensteins pride blinded his judgement, leaving him to blame upon the destruction. Finally, his abandonment of the creature left it to live in fear and confusion, causing it to harm others. After fulfilling his goal (creating the creature), he was amazed by his creation at first, but when he observed all the details of its appearance he was disgusted and relentful. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart.(Shelley 59). It was at that moment when Frankenstein made a terrible mistake; abandoning the creature. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing my bedchamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep.(Shelley 59). There are only two reasons thought of as to why he left it to fend for itself: pure shock and regret in his decision making, and repeating what his father did to him (cowardice). In the beginning of the book, just after his mother died his father sent Victor away to school to study his science. Instead of pushing Victor away during this depressing time, he should have kept him close and went through a time of mourning together as family. Since Victor had no understanding of what parenting is, like his father, he ran from his problem and had no intention of teaching it the ways of the world. Due to his abandonment, the creature became angry, and scared. During this time, it led him to do bad things; kill people. Frankenstein then went to seek out the creature to be rid of him. Once he got ahold of it, the creature said, ?I expected this reception, said the daemon. All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. You purpose to kill me. How dare you sport thus with life? Do your duty towards me, and I will do mine towards you and the rest of mankind. If you will comply with my conditions, I will leave them and you at peace; but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends.'(Shelley 113). In this quote, the creature questions Frankenstein reason to why he brought him to life if all he wants to do is kill him and the rest of mankind sees it as this ratchet monster, essentially blaming him for creating him. While murdering people wasnt the best idea, the creature didnt know any better because it wasnt conditioned/trained right from wrong. If Frankenstein would have taught the creature the ways of human life like polite mannerisms, basic education, and cognitive thinking, most likely the murders would not have taken place. Given these points, it is Frankensteins fault that his abandonment brought bitterness upon the creature, causing harm towards others. In conclusion, Victor Frankensteins pride and hunger for recognition blinded his reasoning and abandoning the creature brought blame upon himself. His pride grew with the knowledge he obtained from his schooling and philosophers he read about, for example Cornelius Agrippa; therefore contributing to his narcissism and not thinking about the whole picture. Frankenstein also abandoned the creature leaving it to fester in anger and confusion towards his existence that it displaced its emotions on others, killing them. Ultimately, the blame should be laid on Frankensteins shoulders due to excessive pride and refusing his responsibility towards his creation, the creature.

Essay on Significance of Two Triumvirates in the Breakdown of the Republic

What Was the Significance of Triumvirates in the Breakdown of the Republic? The concept â€Å"triumvirate† can be defined as a group of three people. This word is used in the Roman history to refer to the two significant triumvirates that made a huge impact on the history. Probably, the most known and popular Roman ruler is Julius Caesar. A great deal of his popularity might also be due to Shakespeare’s portrayal of him in his plays. Nevertheless, Julius Caesar was one of the individuals in the first triumvirate. The other two were Gnaeus Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Among the three of them, they had military force, political influence and financial support to make the alliance work, which started in 60 B.C. After the death of all the three men in various circumstances, another triumvirate came into being several years later. This consisted of Octavian, Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus. Although the members of this group were not as popular to this generation as those of the first, they too held power for some time. But just like the first group, this triumvirate also fell apart after a while. History has been proving again and again that when ambitious men form an alliance to come to power, they would often destroy the unity by their own avarice. They would stay united until they reach a powerful position. But once they have power, they would want it all for themselves and try to destroy the other members in the group. Although the two triumvirates did impact the Roman republic in a significant way, they were not the main cause of its downfall. The maximum influence that they had ever had in causing anyone’s fall was on their own triumvirates.

The Degradation of Women in Hip-Hop Music Videos and...

Hip-hop began in the 1970s in the south Bronx of New York and served a cathartic purpose for the black community. People could explore issues such as the eradication of racism and equality, but since Hip-hop was created, the cathartic use has been abused through the increased use of misogynistic lyrics and music videos. Artists like Ludacris, 50 Cent and Eminem portray women nothing more than â€Å"ho’s†, â€Å"bitches† and â€Å"freaks†. Nothing more than sex objects; and yet, their biggest fan base is adolescents, this is dreadful as neuroscientists have discovered that the teenage brain still undergoes the same radical development as seen in childhood . Teenagers are easily influenced through their formative years ; as they are consuming music videos†¦show more content†¦As Nicki calls herself Nicki Lewinsky it also tells her fans that she also performs this. Nicki Minaj has done numerous things to make herself a celebrity; she had undergone co smetic surgeries several times to look (what she believes) is sexy. She is an eccentric character, but what would persuade a woman to enhance her body so much? In an Interview with Vibe Magazine, Nicki stated, â€Å"When I grew up I saw females doing certain things, and I thought I had to do that exactly. The female rappers of my day spoke about sex a lot†¦ and I thought that to have the success they got; I would have to represent the same thing. When in fact I didn’t have to represent the same thing†, this is the perfect example of the hypodermic needle theory at work. As Nicki Minaj grew up, her inspirations were Foxy Brown and Lil Kim. Nicki Minaj was also a passive watcher, as she watched all her favourite artists perform and talk about women in a degrading way. The affects of this on Nicki was she also became thinking like a woman who had no respect. Kimberly â€Å"Lil Kim† Jones is an American singer-songwriter and rapper who was associated with rapper Notorious B.I.G. The self-proclaimed Queen Bee (short for bitch) has made tracks such as Suck my d***, Shut up b**** and How many licks which is an innuendo of sexual scenarios of Lil Kim having sex with men from different

Why Did Some Women Get the Vote in 1918 - 2224 Words

This essay shall attempt to explain why some women got the vote in 1918 by discussing male and female spheres, the emergence of the suffrage societies and the similarities and differences between them. It shall proceed to discuss anti-suffrage, the role of politics, discuss how the war affected the women’s movement and finally the 1918 Representation of the People Act. It shall conclude was a summary of the points discussed. To understand the reasons behind some women getting the vote in 1918, one must look back at the history of the women’s movement to fully understand the reason female suffrage was sought and gained. In Victorian Britain there was a longstanding and persistent belief that men and women occupied separate spheres. The†¦show more content†¦Consequently the militant campaign escalated in 1912 with attacks on government and commercial buildings and commonly took the form of window smashing. Other militant tactics involved setting fire to letters boxes, defacing buildings, burning golf greens with acid and firebombing the newly built country house of then Prime Minister Lloyd George. Suffragettes arrested for criminal damage refused to pay fines and were then put in prison. As a protest against being denied the rights of political prisoners, they went on hunger strike. The government authorised force-feeding, which met with resistance not only from the prisoners themselves but also from the movement at large. By 1913 the Liberal government introduced the Prisoners Temporary Discharge Act, which was also known as the ‘Cat and Mouse’ Act, which meant that once the prisoner’s health had deteriorated past a certain point, they could be temporarily released to regain their health and then rearrested again. The catch was that they were soon rearrested if they did not return to the prison voluntarily so that the cycle of hunger-strike and force-feeding could be continued. Despite the new technique failing to change government policy, it contributed to suffragette propaganda. The purpose of suffrage propaganda was to build up an irresistible pressure of public opinion and at the same time convert MPS toShow MoreRelatedHigher History Women1700 Words   |  7 PagesSociety towards women was the major reason why some women received the vote in 1918. How accurate is this view? During the 1900s, many women were beginning to stand up for themselves and no longer wanted to be inferior to men. Prior to 1918, women were disrespected and under - valued in society. There was a change in attitudes towards women as the image of the New Women began to arise. They were becoming involved in various different jobs, having the ability to be better educated and get involved inRead MoreEssay about Why Women Gained the Vote in 19181224 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Women Gained the Vote in 1918 In 1918, women had finally gained the right to vote, after 68 long and hard years of campaigning and rebelling they finally got the vote they wanted. The women had tried everything like campaigning, getting them selves arrested, using the media and many more things were done. However, there were a couple of things that they did which really helped them get the right to vote and they were the fact that they helped the men in World WarRead MoreThe Major Reasons for Women Receiving the Right to Vote 1099 Words   |  4 PagesThe major reasons for women receiving in 1918 the vote in my opinion were divided into sections, political view, male view, war effort and changes in law and legislation. Whilst some historians argue that the women’s work during WWI in factories and other work programmes radically changed male ideas about their role in society other traditional historians suggest that the government passing the legislation to give women the vote in 1918 was almost a reward for their efforts I believe that this explanationRead MoreWhy Women Should Be Remembered For World War I1384 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Why should women of World War 1 be remembered?’ Good evening ladies and gentlemen, today I will be talking about why women should be remembered for their role in World War 1 and not just the troops who fought during the war. So why women should be remembered for World War 1? I believe women should be remembered for World War 1 because for women around 1917 were paid a really low wage of around 3-6 shillings a week for really long hours. The women took on the hard work that the men did beforeRead MoreWar on the home front1000 Words   |  4 Pageseconomically. The Wartime Elections Act proposed by Robert Borden weakened Canada politically as a country. This act that was passed in 1917 took the vote away from citizens who had emigrated from enemy countries. In addition, the act only gave army nurses and close relatives of soldiers the right to vote. In 1918, women living in Canada were given the right to vote, but they could still not be elected to Parliament. During the later part of the war, conscription was introduced which was not a good sign forRead MoreWomens Contribution to the War Effort and Their Gain in Voting Rights491 Words   |  2 PagesRights Women over 30 gained the vote in 1918. There were a number of reasons for this but mainly because of womens contribution to the war effort. I will be looking at these different reasons and writing about how everything came together for the vote for women. I will start by looking at what the women did in the war. Women were pleased by the outbreak of the war because this meant they could prove themselves and even get suffrage at the end of it all. Women thoughtRead MoreEssay about The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage1614 Words   |  7 Pagesrights of women began to improve. Though women were still thought of as second-class citizens, during the 1870’s the women’s suffrage became a mass movement. Prior to 1870, there were laws that meant that women were unable to keep any of their earnings once they married. That also meant that all her possessions belonged to her husband as well. In 1870, the Married Women’s Property Act meant that women were allowed to keep  £200 of their earnings. Women such as CarolineRead MoreTechniques of Suffragists and Suffragettes941 Words   |  4 Pagessuffragettes were different. Women started campaigning to win the vote in the 1850s. Small local groups had meetings nationwide to present their arguement for allowing women to vote. In 1877 - 78 there were 1,300 meetings - this represents how serious the women were.The campaigners were mainly middle class, as, upper class ladies most propably found campaigning and argueing unlady like and inappropriate. However this does not mean they they too did not want the right to vote. The campaigners wereRead MoreCampaigns for Women Suffrage and their Effectiveness Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesCampaigns for Women Suffrage and their Effectiveness Throughout the nineteenth century, the suffragists and the suffragettes worked hard campaigning for women suffrage. Finally, in 1918, the vote was given to women, but only women over thirty. But suffrage campaigns, although important, were not the only reason that the franchise was granted. Some other reasons include, a fear of the return of suffragette activity, the government following an international trend, theRead MoreEssay about The Changing Role and Status of Women in Britain Since 19001679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Changing Role and Status of Women in Britain Since 1900 1. Before 1900, women had generally stayed in the home. From the Middle Ages to 17th Century, they had been involved in cottage industries like making gloves. Early in the industrialisation period, women were sent down coalmines, because they cost less, but later on when rules and regulations were set over hours and safety, women were pushed back into the home because men could work harder for longer hours

Howe 2 Ski Case Study - 1087 Words

Howe 2 Ski Case Study 1. Given the background information about Howe 2 Ski Stores, discuss the feasibility of implementing lump sum bonus, pay for knowledge, profit sharing, and gainsharing plans. What plan or plans would you recommend that Howe look at most closely and why? Lump sum bonuses are a form of performance pay bonus. Defined as â€Å"bonuses †¦ earned at the end of a specified time period, such as monthly, quarterly, or annually, when a salesperson achieves a specific level of sales or sales quota† (Quast), they are utilized frequently in the sales industry. The dilemma, in this case, is that quality and productivity is not based only on sales. The molders are contributing to the issues that impact How 2 Ski. The lump sum bonuses†¦show more content†¦The Scanlon, Rucker and Improshare gain sharing plans are those most often utilized in organizations. In order to appropriately recommend an incentive plan, one must first identify the main issues with operation at Howe 2 ski. Howe 2 Ski has experience increased competition resulting in a decreased market share. Smaller market share increases the negative impact a lack of productivity and customer dissatisfaction has on Howe 2 Ski’s profits. The decreased production of both the molders and Sales-Persons result in increased inventory and higher cost of production. Furthermore, Howe has attempted to establish an incentive pay program that has served to be ineffective and has fostered low morale within the organization. Given these factors, gainsharing would be the most beneficial for How 2 Ski. 2. Assuming that Howe decides that a gainsharing plan is feasible, what could be done to increase the likelihood of success? Timothy L Ross, Ph.D. offers comprehensive research providing an astute account of the effective implementation of gainsharing plans. A well-planned gainsharing plan is essential when implementing the bonus program. First, a plan should include elements of employee involvement. It is important that management gain employeeShow MoreRelatedTest Paper1754 Words   |  8 PagesSystem Case study of Howe 2 Ski Sores Submitted By Mr. Sardar Ali MBA Section-D Submitted to Lecturer: Mr. Baber Jamil Institute of Management Sciences Phase 7 Hayatabad Pehsawar, Pakistan Evaluating Non-Traditional Incentive Systems Case Study: Howe 2 Ski Stores Introduction: In this case study, the main focus of our interest is to evaluate the non traditional incentive system. But before going into the detail of Non-traditional incentive system, let us summarize the case studyRead MoreEssay on The Special Olympics2686 Words   |  11 Pagesto survive in society than the public school system alone.    In order to design an effective program for any group of children, an analysis must be made of that group. Frank Hayden is a research associate at the University of Toronto who studies motor development in handicapped children. He stated that people assume the handicapped are weak, slow, and overweight, but that those characteristics are a result of not being encouraged or assisted in physical activity (Nemeth). Dr. Elkan SnyderRead MoreMarketing21272 Words   |  86 Pagescustomers need, and later to evaluate how well the firm is meeting those needs. A market consists of people with their needs, the ability to buy, and the desire and ability to sell. Markets are classified as consumer and industrial markets. 2. A MARKETING MIX A business firm controls four important elements of marketing which are called a marketing mix. A firm’s marketing mix is the combination of the product, the price of the product, the means for its distribution, and the promotionRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extendRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesattribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlier version of the book

Kierkegaard s An Age Of Dispassionate Reflection - 954 Words

Soren Kierkegaard, in his essay, the Present Age, writes about two ages—the passionate age and the present age: an age of dispassionate reflection. Kierkegaard believes the present age to be centered on reflection (deliberation, representation, anticipation), which substitutes for decisive action. The present age, according to Kierkegaard is â€Å"characterized by an ‘unhappy objectivity,’ in which the individual has become ‘leveled down’ and loses himself as part of a crowd. â€Å" One aspect of this unhappy objectivity is that our age is an age of reflection rather than of passion. Kierkegaard suggests, the most dangerous, if also the most respectable of all diseases is to admire in public what is considered unimportant in private - since†¦show more content†¦This is dangerous because in the act of doing so, we lose our true selves in the process. Kierkegaard strongly believes in the idea of individuality. If individuals (as individuals) take it upon themselves to experience first-hand meaningful action and informed opinion (which is risky) they will gain something precious. Yet, many would rather stay in the safety (and effortlessness) of the public and live meaninglessly. Kierkegaard uses the example of the skater to demonstrate his assertion of â€Å"the most dangerous of all diseases†. The skater, on a frozen lake with dangerously thin ice, sees a jewel in the distance. In the passionate age, he argues, the public would cheer and support the skater as he made efforts to reach the jewel. They would worry for him and show concern at any sign of danger. However, in an age absent of passion, the crowds would agree on the fact that it was unreasonable and not worthwhile to engage in such a dangerous activity. In addition, they would praise themselves for being clever and practical for figuring this out. The qualities of being daring and enthusiastic for something an individual may be passionate about is malformed into a feat of skill, in which people are encouraged to surrender to â€Å"the most dangerous of all diseases†: â€Å"to admire in public what is

Technical Paper on E-Commerce free essay sample

TECHNICAL PAPER ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ABSTRACT There is no official definition as to what electronic commerce is. Different experts have different definitions. Communication people say that it is the transmission of information, of products/services of payments through telephone lines, network or any other medium. From a businessman standpoint, e-commerce is the use of technology to automate business transactions and work flows. Someone from the service industry might say that e-commerce is a transaction and work flows. Someone from the service industry might say that e-commerce is a helpful innovation that allows business to cut costs, enabling it to provide better quality products with a quicker delivery time. For our purpose and probably the general and literal definition for e-commerce is that it is the actually the buying and selling of goods or services electronically online. Products are displayed on an online store and potential customers can read information about the product, see them on the website and have the option to purchase them online. We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Paper on E-Commerce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are sites selling everything from pets to automobiles. Virtually any product or service can be sold online. All the principles involved in good business practices apply here. Electronic commerce presents a fantastic opportunity for businesses to increase their sales. Online storefronts operate by using a shopping cart. A shopping cart allows visitors select multiple products and collects payment information. Choosing a shopping cart is a critical step in the design of your site. Shopping carts should be matched to the needs of your website. The internet is a new and existing realm that offers businesses the ability to reach millions of customers at very low costs. It also offers businesses the ability to conduct sales through their website 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Establishing an E-commerce website requires an experienced e-commerce designer. There is a multitude of issues, which must be addressed that require very specific knowledge in programming, security and in the unique nature of internet transactions. Failure to address many issues surrounding the creation of an e-commerce site can result in lost business, damaged credibility of financial losses. When you fill out a form on a website that information travels from your computer to the website’s server computer. A special program which resides then processes that information on the server computer. Generally this information this information is emailed to the owner of the website. Secure ordering occurs when a website or an order form is accessed through a secure server. A secure server is a server computer which has special encryption software installed. Any information you submit is encrypted or coded when transmitted. It is more complicated than that, but further explanation would require extra jargon. At this point the customer has placed their order; however the transaction is still not complete until the merchant receives the information. Many sites ordering systems are secure to this point. However, security problems can arise after the information arrives on the server computer. Many websites claim to have secure ordering while in fact they do not. The information is only secured during the initial transmission from the visitor’s computer to the server computer. After the information arrives at the server computer, man websites simply email the information to whoever processes the orders. Email is not a secure method of transmitting information. With the proper knowledge anyone can access the information as it is transmitted. There are several ways to handle securing the information after it arrives on the server. One of the options is to keep the information on the server. Generally writing the information to an inaccessible or secured section of the server computer does this. The merchant can then retrieve the information. A security risk does arise with this method if the operators of the hosting service act unscrupulously and access the server using their administrative access. INTRODUCTION E-commerce is an exceptionally cost effective way of generating extra revenue. E-commerce removes all geographical boundaries and time differences. With increased demand for retail services, on-line ordering will enable your organization to sell its products and resources over the internet customers can order directly from a secure server, with Visa payments now being accepted in both Newzealand and American currencies. Implementation of a successful e-commerce site first involves establishing some strategies. E-commerce: Enables automated and 24 hour ordering that reduces the cost and the chances of errors. Improves customer service Allows customers to track orders themselves Provides up-to- date price list and product catalogues Greatly reduces the time between ordering and dispatch Reduces supply chain costs. Some of the terminologies used:- Shopping Carts- programs that arrow visitors to select products as they move through a website. When they are finished shopping it gives them a total purchase amount. An ordering process also is also generally present Membership Sites- sites which offer members specific information for the cost of membership Secure Transactions- using â€Å"Encryption or coding† to encode sensitive information to prevent unauthorized viewing Real Time Credit Card Processing- Where the customer finds out immediately if their credit cards was accepted or denied. Standard or ‘Batch’ Credit Card Processing- Where the merchant transmits the customers ordering information and card number to their credit card processor. What e-commerce represents is a way to reach out to customers. E-commerce will allow you to undertake cost-effective business with large number of customers, and with lower value orders. E-commerce can be divided into: E-tailing or â€Å"virtual storefronts† on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a â€Å"virtual mail†. The gathering and use of demographic data through web contacts Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) , the business –to-business exchange of data E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers( for example with newsletters) Business-to- business buying and selling The security of business transactions CONCEPTS OF E-COMMERCE E-tailing or The Virtual storefront and the Virtual mail As a place for direct retailing shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering and multimedia prospects, the web is rapidly becoming a multibillion-dollar source of revenue for the world’s businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. But early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of ollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Apart from computer and network products, books(Amazon. com), gardening products(garden. com), music on compact disks(CDNow), and office supplies (Supplies Online) were a few of the better-known e-commerce sites. By early 1999, even businesses that have always counted on fa ce-to-face customer interaction were planning e-commerce websites and many businesses were planning how to coordinate in-store and web store retail approaches. Meanwhile, new businesses based entirely on web sales were being invented daily. Market Research In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature of the internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers in unprecedented amounts-through site registration, questionnaires and as part of taking orders. The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and permission of market subjects had been raised. (Microsoft referred to its policy of data collection as profiling and a proposed standard has been developed that allows internet users to decide who can have what personal information) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) EDI is the exchange of business data using an understood data format. It predates today’s Internet. EDI involves data exchange among parties that know each other will and make arrangements for one-to-one (or point-to-point) connection, usually dial-up. E-Mail, Fax, and Internet Telephony E-commerce is also conducted through the more limited electronic forms of communication called e-mail, facsimile or fax and the emerging use of telephone calls over the internet. Most of this is business-to-business, with some companies attempting to use e-mail and fax for unsolicited ads (usually viewed as online junk mail or spam) to consumers and other business prospects. An increasing number of business websites offer e-mail newsletters for subscribers. A new trend is opt-in email which web users voluntarily sign up to receive email, usually sponsored or containing ads, about product categories or other subjects they are interested in. Business –to-business buying and selling Thousands of companies that sell products to other companies have discovered that the web providers not only a 24- hour-a-day showcase for their products but a quick way to reach the right people in a company for more information. The Security of Business Transactions Security includes authenticating business transactions, controlling access to resources such as Web pages for registered or selected users, encrypting communications and in general ensuring the privacy and effectiveness of transactions. Among the most widely used security technologies are SSL and RSA. Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) is an emerging industry standard. *E –* Business â€Å"E –business† ( â€Å" electronic business ,† derived from such terms as â€Å"e-mail† and â€Å"e-commerce†) is the conduct of business on the internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. One of the firsts to use the term was IBM, when in October 1997, it launched a thematic campaign built around the term. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet and its new culture and capabilities. Companies are using the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotion and to do joint research. Exploiting the convenience availability and worldwide reach of the internet, many companies, such as Amazon. com, the booksellers, have already discovered how to use the internet successfully. Increasingly, much direct selling (or e-tailing) is taking place on the Internet of computer related equipment and software. One of the firsts to report sales in the millions of dollars directly from the web was Dell computer. Travel bookings directly or indirectly as a result of web research are becoming significance. Customer-orderable golf clubs and similar specialties are considered good prospects for the immediate future. With the security built into today’s browsers and with the digital certificates now available for individuals and companies from VeriSign, a certificate issuer, much of the early concern about the security of business transaction on the web has abated and e-business by whatever name is accelerating. IBM also considers the development of intranets and extranets to be part of business. Trade and commerce between individuals is as old as the existence of mankind. There have been innumerable channels that have facilitated this exchange. The latest to join this is e-commerce. The debatable topic now is what extent this new venture will make roads into business operations. In 1997-98 experts predicted the e-commerce trade to be worth $ 200-250 billions and expected figures today are $ 3 trillion of its volume. E-commerce method of doing business differs from traditional commerce because it combines information and technology, telecommunications technology and business process to make it practical to do business in ways that could not be done otherwise. Types of e-commerce E-commerce is divided into three major segments i. e. Inter – organizational Intra – organizational Retail inter-organizational, between different business entities It reduces suppliers and facilitates business partnerships by reducing purchase orders, processing costs and inventory cycle timings. It could be operated on Internet or extranet which just lets us select a few participants. Supply chain management or payment management is examples of inter-organizational application. Intra organizational e-commerce occurs within a business entity. The objective is to link the constituents together and increase the flow of information within the organization. Examples of it include human resource or department websites that disseminate information and services through an intranet. Retail e-commerce, as the name suggests, is directed at the consumer. It can be used for any business for consumer interaction. Technological dimensions of e-commerce While many technologies can fit within the definitions of e-commerce, the most important are electronic data interchange(EDI), bar codes, electronic mails, internet, World Wide Web, product data exchange and electronic forms. Electronic Data Interchange is the computer to computer transfer of structured information in a standard electronic format. Information stored in one computer is translated by software programs into standard EDI format for transmission to one or more trading partners. The trading partner’s computer, in turn, translates the information using software to a form, which they can understand. Bar codes are used for automatic product identification by a computer. They are rectangular type of lines of varying widths and spaces. The most common example of bar codes is consumer products like packaged food, books etc. These codes allow the product to be scanned at the checkout corners. As the product is identified, the price of the product is entered in cash register, while internal systems are automatically updated. Electronic Mails are message composed by individuals and sent to other recipients via Internet. Internet is decentralized network of millions of computers and computer networks. World Wide Web is a collection of documents written and encoded with hypertext marker language. With the aid of a relatively small piece of software, the user can ask for these documents and display them on the users local computer. Product Data Interchange is exchange of data usually in the graphic form that is needed to describe a project. Electronic Forms is a technology that combines the familiarity of paper forms with the power of storing information in digital form. To the user and the electronic form is simply a digital analogue of such a paper form, but appears on a computer screen and is filled out via mouse and keyboard. FUNCTIONS OF E-COMMERCE There are four functions of e-commerce:- Communication Process management Service management Transactional capabilities The communication function is aimed at the delivery of information and /or document to facilitate business transactions. Email is an excellent example of this. The process management function covers the automation and improvement of business process. The best example of this would be networking two computers together so that they can be shared and transfer of data is possible instead of one person taking data from one computer to another. Service management function is the application of technology to improve the quality of services. A good example of this is the Federal Express Website. It permits customers to track shipments and schedule pick-ups 24 hours a day without having to talk to a service representative. Customer services are greatly enhanced due to this site. The last function, transaction capabilities provide the ability to buy and sell on the internet. Amazon. com and REI offer good example. PRE-REQUISITES OF E-COMMERCE There are a very few pre-requisites to conduct e-commerce business. These are: Either your own or provided by a cart A shopping cart programmed to list your products or services and means to collect purchase information. A method to get funds into your bank account. If you want to automate the process, a compatible credit card merchant account and transaction processor (e. g. Authorise. net) to collect the credit card information and obtain authorization and post the funds into your account are required. SIGNIFICANCE OF E-COMMERCE Participants in the electronic market place are not only limited to digital product companies such as publishing, software and information industries. The digital age and digital revolution affect all of us by virtue of their process innovations. The web TV and digital television is going to affect the TV news and entertainment programs. Changes in telecommunications will affect the way we receive information, product announcements or orders etc. as phones, Fax USERS OF E-COMMERCE Anyone with something to sell can use e-commerce. If you access a website where you can store information about the items or products your company offers, you can use e-commerce. There are three kinds of business concerns, which are mainly using e-commerce. The first are new enterprises, which have no existing infrastructure. The other is the technology company which would have an interest in electronic routes to promote their services. The third category is of media companies, which would benefit from fast distribution of information together with low set up costs. Credit cards, cheques or any other mode of payment arrangement can be set up to be used via the internet. You do not have a transaction processor to process the transaction in real time, although real time credit card processing offers the most immediate methods to have funds deposited into your account. These are the e-commerce solution that allow information collection and retrieval from a secure server and then let you enter that information manually at your local terminal. EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL OF E-COMMERCE According to computer system of a value added network (VAN) of the US government, there are many full and part time positions available in e-commerce with flexible hours. The current requirements but are not limited to: Systems programming(Unix,Win95,Win NT) EDI programmers Communication Engineers (Routers,ISDN,SLIP, PPP,RAS) Communication programmers (C,C++, VB) Technical writers Technical Support Sales and Marketing focus Field Engineering Support. PROS AND CONS OF E-COMMERCE ADVANTAGES Although in its infancy, e commerce is the most popular way for a business to expand their customer base and increase productivity. In recent years the online shopping industry has leaped forward and every business can be found without a website. With an Earth Link Total Commerce Package, you can sell product throughout the world by your web-based store. Here are some of the pros and cons of e-commerce:- The biggest advantage of e-commerce is that distance doesn’t matter in carrying out the trades. You can reach out to the world anytime you want. This helps the companies to have a cheap and effective way of communications with suppliers on one side with customers on the other. Contact with suppliers is possible through internet or via an EDI system. Secondly, unlike a brick and mortar store an online store is open 24 hours a day,7 days a week and 365 days a year. Thirdly, compared with a retail outlet or a new office the cost of setting up of an e-commerce office is very low. Fourthly, there is flexibility in a website to add and remove a product or product than in catalogue. Another advantage of being online is that it potentially gives exposure to previously untapped market segments. Another benefit is error reduction because orders don’t have to be re-keyed into order entry systems increased efficiencies through the automation of business process. Other benefits include wider choice and no wastage of time. People who want to buy products usually have to go out and search a shop. Now the only thing they have to do is turn their computer and select one of the thousands of online stores. Customers can find product from all over the world, so the amount of offers is far greater. DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE Among the disadvantages of selling online include inability to touch and feel the merchandise. As one analyst puts it, â€Å"kick the tyres†. This is a psychological barrier but as consumers become more familiar with shopping online this barrier will go. Further, a big rush with the growing importance of e-commerce and computer communication technology is that people don’t have social contacts any more. Further, because online stores do not exist for very long, many companies do not know how to set up a store. This results in a large group of annoyed customers, who want to but something but it is not clear how they should and there is no one who they should ask, like in a normal shop. In addition, computer systems will never be 100% safe. There shall be hackers who intercept money transactions and cause problems for consumers and companies. Above all in a developing nation Internet user usually is a young highly educated man. If you start a business then perhaps you might not reach women and elderly. At this time, e-commerce is not good if you want to sell product to a target other than highly educated man. This won’t be a problem in future as more and more people will use computer and the internet. PROSPECTS OF E-COMMERCE Though difficult to predict precisely but it is more likely that it stays here. On the up side all of us believe that e-commerce will increase exponentially in the coming years. An estimated 148 million shoppers were expected to spend an estimated $ 15 million in the cyber market space. According to IDC market estimates cyber sales are set to increase by 20% by the year 2000. The US department report in April 1998 titled â€Å"The Emergent Digital Economy† predicted that e-commerce will account $300 million annually by 2002. Area expected to grow includes financial services, entertainment, travel and groceries. The jackpot returns from e-commerce depend a lot on how the business processes are being leveraged by electronic transformation. On the downside experts say that longer a company waits the more difficult it will be to establish their presence. On the whole in the next few years, experts say that the world and the world of marketing in particular will be entirely transformed by the yet to be realized potential of e-commerce. Lessons derived from the evolution of e-commerce The following is a checklist of a few lessons learnt from the coming of e-commerce: No one that properly embraced ATMs, ant time money credit or debit cards even went back. Customers want expanded hours-24 hours per day are the limit. If it is convenient, people will gravitate to it after experimenting with it. Customers want expanded locations – the closer to home the better – the home is the limit. Customers change the way businessmen does business, technology is merely the facilitator. There is an inevitable trend in its emergence and e-commerce is here to stay. CONCLUSION E-commerce is growing explosively on the internet. Before the end of this decade, millions of companies and individuals will be buying, selling, bidding, brokering, advertising and collaborating on a daily basis, as the Internet merges with other branches of information highway. The resulting economies of scale will drastically lower cost of implementing and maintaining a procurement infrastructure. All said and done those who clearly see the opportunity, understand the medium creatively and completely put it to work for them, will definitely succeed in the digital economy of tomorrow. The e-commerce market may be infant in terms of years of existence, but the time has come for it to mature and develop a rational commerce strategy. Additionally using these methods will allow you to track your orders to the end user to investigate a fraudulent transaction. Real –time processing and delivery- Try to avoid real time processing and product delivery if at all possible. When your product is delivered immediately you lose the ability to check the order for possible fraud. That means a higher likelihood of stolen cards. Matching Addresses- If you receive an order that has different addresses for shipping and billing you should red flag this order. Many times there is nothing wrong with this type of order, but this is also a common way for someone using a stolen card to obtain merchandise. Call the Issuing Bank- This is an excellent way to determine if a card is stolen. When you provide the number to the bank they tell you immediately if the card is valid, stolen, or whatever. Since you don’t have the card in your possession you can call the credit card company- Visa, MasterCard etc. and get the name of the issuing bank. Don’t accept orders from free email addresses- Addresses such as usa. net, yahoo. com, or other free email addresses are perfect ways for an individual to hide their identity. Anyone can sign up for the services and they can give false information when signing up. The majority of fraudulent transactions come from free email address services. Make sure you tell your clients that any information submitted would not be used for any other purposes, nor will it be distributed. Envy- reports – These reports are taken by your form submission program and generally display IP addresses, and other visitor information. This information is very important in tracking orders, which have proven to be fraudulent. Using the IP address you can track the individual to their ISP and from there you can get the persons real address. Generally ISPs will release this information only if you can provide solid evidence that the individual committed fraud. You may also be required to get a court order. Telephone numbers – The best advice one can give is to get phone numbers from all customers and contact each customer regarding their order. One may also recommend telling customers on the order form, that you will be contacting them regarding their order prior to order fulfillment. This will stop many thieves from even placing the order. BIBLIOGRAPHY Employment News- January 2000 Website : http://www. dell. com Website :http://ecommerce. internet. com/ Website : http://www. consumer. net Website: http://www. ecrc. ctc. com/ Why This Fuse About E-Commerce- By Sanjay Kumar Misra E-Commerce (An Overview Of E-Commerce For Students And General Readers) By Bhushan Dewan E-commerce – By Dr. Milind M. Oka

PTSD and DID for Post-Traumatic Stress- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePTSD and DID for Post-Traumatic Stress. Answer: Introduction Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is experienced by a person after he or she is subjected to a serious accident or has been involved or witnessed death (Skortz, 2015). The chances of acquiring this disorder sometime in their lives based on the U.S. population are approximately 7-8% (Jaimie L. Gradus, DSc, MPH, February 23, 2016). Apart from PTSD Dissociative identity disorder (DID) also occur as a result of traumatic experiences witnessed by an individual. The most visible characteristic of this disorder is the fact that an individual develops multiple personalities which take control of their original self. Although the disease is not common, it has been previously reported at around 1% (James , Chen and Jacky 2000-2015). The objective of this written paper is to provide detailed analysis of Dissociative identity disorder and Post Traumatic Stress in a broader way based on movie Secret Window. The following was discussed based on this movie: synopsis and the main characters, signs, and symptoms of the disorder, its prevalence, how it was treated, psychosocial and ethical issue, discrimination that occurred and finally recommendations are identified which could bring about positive results in the life of a patient Keywords:, psychosocial issues ,Dissociative identity disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ,prevalence, discrimination and Treatment. Body Synopsis of the movie and analysis of the main character: The movie opens with a person dressed in a hat and wearing glasses. The person who is called Mort is driving his car near a hotel conversing to himself and looks thoughtful. Mort stops near the Hotel, moves in hurriedly picks a key and rushes to a room where he gets shocked upon opening the door and finding a man in bed inside the room. The woman in bed with another man is his wife Amy, and the man she is in bed with is her boyfriend, Tod. The second scene shows Mort being woken up from his sofa, his usual place of sleeping by a knock on the door by a strange man named Shooter who accuses Mort of stealing his written story the secret window. The strange man asks Mort to produce magazines to confirm that the story indeed belongs to him in three days failure to which he will sue Morts wife. Shooter then threatens Mort and even kills his dog and Burns the house belonging to Mort and his wife, Amy. After the incidence, Mort requests for help from his friend Ken. Unfortunately, Shooter ki lls his friends after a few days leaving mort a miserable man. His Misery is compounded by the fact that his wife is pressuring him to sign their divorce papers so that she can be with her boyfriend, Tod. Mort appears quite upset. In a flashback we are shown Amy smiling through a small window and telling Mort that that was the Secret window of the secret garden. We learn that it was through that window that she used to see the current boyfriend, Tod. The story of the secret window was written by mort about his wife. Morts time is mostly spent on the sofa sleeping. Mort thinks of Soorter as a friend of Amys loved one and tries to find out. He also makes an effort to get hold of the magazine in which his story was published, but unfortunately, the magazine pages that contained the story are missing. Mort later receives a call from Amy requesting him to sign the divorce papers. The call is followed by Amys decision to appear at Morts house to have him sign the papers. Mort remembers about the cap he bought while they were living a good life with his wife. He starts speaking to himself and seeing himself everywhere and later realizes that he was the shooter. A conflict ensues when his wife Amy appears an in the incidence Amy gets injured although she manages to escape. Tod also gets hit with a shovel on the face which makes him fall. What follows is killing of both Tod and Amy and hiding of their bodies by Mort. In the end, the police know everything that happened, but they cannot arrest and label any charges on Mort because they have not yet found the bodies of the deceased. Associated signs and symptoms: Severe trauma can be experienced by some people in their lives. Such trauma leads to numerous changes both physical and psychological and regarding their behavior, thoughts, and habits. Post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from traumatic experiences can make some people develop psychiatric diseases. If this condition remains untreated for long durations, it can have an impact on the mental health of the victims and lead to the development of a mental disorder. Multiple Personality disorder or dissociative disorder develops as a result of this. The post-traumatic disorder occurs as a result of failed adaptation and is revealed in increased stress levels among the patients. Such is the case when mort opens the door only to find his wife standing there with another man. This incidence makes him helpless. This compounded the suffering that he had had for almost half a year as a result of the traumatic experience he had had. Morts personality can be compared to that of an individual who has post-traumatic stress disorder which can have symptoms lasting for at least three months or even years. Research has shown that people who have PTSD show different signs and symptoms which include intensive memory in which an incidence takes over the mind of an individual and keeps repeating itself. This also occurs in the form of repeated nightmares, hallucinations, flashbacks and illusions. However, these do not only occur when an individual is sleeping but even when they are awake such as the case of Mort when he flashbacks about his wife and which makes him lose touch with the reality and have a conviction that traumatic events are over the time(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2016). Another major attribute of people suffering from the dissociative disorder is the inability to recall important personal information, which cannot be viewed as the mere act of forgetting due to its pervasiveness. Memory variations and split personality are also common as witnessed in the Movie. The Character has another personality in the name of Shooter which takes over his thoughts and behavior. Among the symptoms associated with dissociative identity disorder are instantaneous mood swings depression, suicidal tendencies and aggressiveness which occur as a result of conflict between their two personalities. Other symptoms associated with this disorder include sleep disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders ,anxiety disorder, visual hallucination, phobia auditory , anxiety disorder as a result of anxiety and distress (Dissociative Identity Disorder, 2016) Although there is no cure for dissociative identity disorder, its symptoms can be treated by the use of different types of treatments such as pharmacologic treatment which can be used alone or jointly with psychotherapy Prevalence of the diseases: A study carried out in the year 2014 by among 176 patients by University Psychiatric Outpatient Unit in Turkey on the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder established that the most common age for DID was among teenagers between the ages of 11 and 17 years out of which around 96.8% were as a result of a history of neglect and child abuse. The study also found out that the prevalence of the disease was more on Girls than on boys (Sar, et al.,2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in a study carried out in Shangai China, North America, Canada, and Winnipeg found out that there were more cases of DID in North America as compared to China (Ross, C. A. (2011). Treatment: According to the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing as contrasted with the mere absence of disease in an individual. Mental wellbeing is, therefore, an essential component of an individuals life. Although there are different remedies offered through Psychotherapy for different patients depending on their health situations, both speech therapy, and medication may be required by some while others may require only one of them. Psychotherapy sessions require being carried out in a period of between 6 and 12 months. However, an improvement of an individuals conditions is so much dependent on family support. The changes required in a clients mental status can be identified through speech therapy.Antidepressants are some of the medications that can be used in PTDS to help manage symptoms such as worry, sadness, feeling numb inside and anger. (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2016). Alternatively, special techniques of psychiatric and psychotherapy medical management such as adjunctive therapy and hypnotherapy which involves the induction of deeply relaxed can be applied to manage dissociative identity disorder. Other techniques include pharmacological therapy and psychiatric therapy (Journal of Trauma Dissociation, 2011) In conclusion, there are major components emphasized under effective psychotherapy which includes the creation of awareness about the associated symptoms, instilling of skills to help in the identification of trigger symptoms as well as skills meant at managing the symptoms. Medication can also be applied to relieve the symptoms associated with the disease. Goals of treatment of dissociative identity disorder can help facilitate a change in behavior as well as relieving the symptoms and leading to an increased degree of coordination and communication. Psychosocial issues: Psychosocial issues in a mental disease can be easily developed through low social and family support as well as a reduced self-concept. The impact of this can be felt by friends and family, individuals and at the workplace. In the movie for this report, the main character suffers from post-traumatic stress upon the realization that his wife of 10 years has betrayed him. The impact of this is that he secludes himself, develops hallucinations, sleep disturbances, repeated nightmares, develops a feeling of laziness and lives in fear due to PTSD post-traumatic disorder and dissociative identity disorder. Studies have shown that PTSD can lead to the development of sour and stressful relationships between families and friends whose impact can be divorce, aggression, and violence. The post-traumatic stress experienced by the character [propels him to kill his dog and commit other crimes under shooter personality. The disorder had also cost him his job and reduced his ability to socialize w ith individuals around him. Ethical issues: In the final part of the movie, the police warn Mont of his coming to the city because people are afraid of him. The police already know about the crimes he committed, but due to lack of evidence, they cannot arrest him. This raises a moral question why the police cannot arrest him and whether they should only arrest an offender after gathering proof. As per the ethical principles of autonomy versus nonmalficine, doing no harm to the society is prioritized than the Mort autonomy. So the ethical concern here would be whether Morts autonomy is more important than doing no harm for the society. Discrimination: Discrimination is a common phenomenon among individuals associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. This occurs through stigmatization because of their mental illness and can have a profound effect on them through first label avoidance, i.e. failure to adhere to medication will make a patient develop the fear of being labeled as a person with a mental health condition which can make them shy of from social events. Secondly, it can affect them by denying them a chance to get life opportunities such as a job of their choice. Additionally, self-stigma can result to negative emotional reactions such as developing a low self-esteem and feeling ashamed. At the end of it all, this will subject to social withdrawal and isolation (Karen-leigh Edward, Ian Munro, Anthony Welch, 2014).Labeling and discrimination are witnessed in the movie in the form of the policeman who approaches Mont and informs him of their awareness regarding the crimes committed by Mont although they lack evidence and out of which they want Mont to stay away from the grocery in the city because he is scaring away potential customers. Recommendation: Recommendations are meant to offer a positive response or suitable solutions to an existing issue or problem. In this regard, an early detection of the mental disease analyzed can prevent further complications. Hospitalization becomes necessary in a situation where patients fail to seek medical treatment or fail to comply with their medication requirements which could lead an increase in the possibility of the patients harming themselves or others. Occupation therapy will help in promoting the independence in their daily routine activities and help in the improving the quality of life. In addition, positive stress coping mechanism can be applied to help relieve anxiety and stress. Patients can ventilate by being open to people close to them such as friends and family or professionals like a psychologist. Finally awareness on the signs and symptoms, causes and treatment modules can lead to rising of public awareness regarding the disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to the movie Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder emerges as the cause of dissociative identity Disorder (DID).However; there exist many different mental diseases which possess unique features. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disease that occurs to an individual after a traumatic experience. The dissociative disorder does not only affect individuals during childhood but can also be manifested at later ages. The emergence of a new generation of medicine has improved treatment modalities. The movie raises an issue about patients with DID and PTSD which include discrimination, psychological issues and offers recommendations. References Brown, L. S. (2011). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults, third revision: a tour de force for the dissociation field. Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)'.WebMD.N.p.,2016.Web.6Apr.2016. Jaimie L. Gradus, DSc, MPH. ( February 23, 2016). Epidemiology of PTSD.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420, 10. James D;Chen,Jacky. (2000-2015, June 12). Dissociative Disorder Community. Retrieved from HealthyPlace :https://www.healthyplace.com/abuse/dissociative-identity-disorder/dissociative-identity-disorder-did-statistics-and-facts/ Journal Of Trauma Dissociation: The Official Journal Of The International Society For The Study Of Dissociation (ISSD), 15(4), 402-419. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.864748 Karen-leigh Edward, Ian Munro, Anthony Welch. (2014). Mental Health Nursing. Melbourne: in Australia by Oxford University Press. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.(2016, 1 1). Retrieved 4 3, 2016, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml#part_145375 Sar, V., Onder, C., Kilincaslan, A., Zoroglu, S. S., Alyanak, B. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder among adolescents: prevalence in a university psychiatric outpatient unit. Skortz, J. K. (2015). PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES .PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND TREATMENT, 28.

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Essay Example

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Paper The Colorblind Society Essay Introduction Color blindness or also referred to as race blindness is the exclusion of race in the assessment of a human being. Color blindness is a new concept that strives to mineralize racial discrimination. Our society has strived to find a state of colorblindness but has yet to succeed. Past discriminations have hindered the progress of colorblindness in society. Due to racism in the past many hurdles were created for minorities to overcome in the present. Hurdles such as poverty and negative stereotypes. These hurdles in turn have made it hard for our society to truly become color blind. The racism from the past has made our society unable to truly practice colorblindness because it has caused individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination in the present. Discrimination in the past came in many forms but it started with systemic discrimination. In the early 1900s the Anglo-Saxon ideology was at a high. In the segregation of Mexican student’s article, the author shows how thes e ideologies affected Mexican American in California. Even though Californian had equality law for Mexican Americans, they were still discriminated against. â€Å"Mexicans were only allowed to attend churches located in the Mexican zone. Paradoxically, the religious segregation of the Mexicans only served to sanction other forms of racial segregation and promoted an era of un-Christian Anglo-Saxon domination† . Mexican Americans were forced to live in certain areas and were forced to attend only certain churches. Caucasians systemically discriminated Mexican Americans by separating that entire group of people from themselves. This systemic discrimination which existed in the past has continued to the present. This discrimination of separating and creating communities for different ethnic groups in the past has inadvertently caused discrimination now. The Colorblind Society Essay Body Paragraphs The communities inhabited mostly by minorities became poorer neighborhoods because minorities didn’t earn as much as their white counterparts and so they could not invest much into their communities. Caucasian majority neighborhoods sustained their status and got a price boost when compared to the local minority neighborhood. This translates to present day because even though minorities aren’t forced to stay in certain areas anymore, they still stay in poorer neighborhoods because they cannot afford to move to a better one. Segregation in housing allowed most white homeowners to accumulate equity and wealth while most minorities could not† . This present day segregation of housing is caused by white homeowners discriminating against minorities and their belief that minorities will cause trouble in their neighborhoods. They assume this because most minorities come from poorer neighborhood which they live in because it is affordable or their ancestors were forced to settle in. The past systemic discrimination makes it hard for colorblindness to progress in the present. In the past America has had its share of institutional discrimination. But the most negatively influential of this type of discrimination is that of schooling. During the early 1900s Mexican American children were discriminated by Caucasians. Mexican American children were made to go to a separate school. â€Å".school segregation of /Chicano students in public elementary and secondary schools in California has its origins in racial ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority.† . Caucasians justified this institutional discrimination by calming that Mexican American children were not well versed in English and this was a hindrance to Caucasian children. The school Mexican Americans children were sent to had a â€Å"dumbed† down curriculum so that in the future the Mexican American children would provide a cheap source of labor. This type of institutional discrimination h as a connection to the present. These children who were discriminated against had less skill and did not get good paying job and so they were stuck in their poor neighborhoods and now their children face the same problem. America discriminates against minority children by creating the no child left behind act. By holding schools and children to higher standards without providing the resources necessary to meet those standards, they punish students who have received a poor education, and fuel dropout rates† . This act causes public schools from poor neighborhoods to receive less funding from the local government because they do not meet their high standard of education. Lewis states, â€Å"Unlike most industrialized nations, which fund schools nationally, the United Sates has historically funded schools locally, with many resulting disparities† . The local government gives less money to these schools because the minority students are not given equal resources as the stud ents from richer schools. So they perform worst that the students of richer schools. Thus the past discrimination has caused institutional discrimination in the present. A side effect of this present discrimination has brought about the existence of affirmative action. Affirmative action is an act that mandates that a certain percentage of ethnic groups need to be admitted into a public institution. .the inherent relationship between affirmative action, on the one hand, and diversity on the other† . This act tries to provide an equal opportunity for minority students to gain admission into colleges. But the existence of such an act is a direct indicator of how non-colorblind our society is. In a truly colorblind society we would not need to distinguish poverty by the guide lines of race. Individual discrimination was prevalent in the past and it still is. In the past it was considered the norm to discriminate against an individual based solely on their race. In the movie we wa tched in class about the Pine Ridge Massacre. Two FBI agents who were pursuing suspects of a robbery drove into the Pine Ridge Reservation. When they approached a group of American Indians they started firing their guns at an Indian boy because they assumed he was linked to the culprit. The FBI agents discriminated against the Indian boy by coming to the conclusion that because he is Native American the boy must have had something to do with the local gangs, which were thought to be the cause of the robbery. The altercation ended with both agents and the American Indian boy being dead. Unlike in the past individual discrimination in the present day is seen less. Present day discrimination is practiced by some knowingly and some unknowingly. Though this example has been over used I felt that it best summarized our present day societal views. The recent election of our 44th president is my example. The knowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was from the threa ts the KKK issued during his run for the office and the unknowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was by all of us. When President Obama was elected the public celebrated the fact that our president was African American. I feel that this is individual discrimination because the American population celebrates President Obama’s race while the race of our previous presidents did not merit recognition. I confess that am also a culprit of this discrimination. My ecstasy over witnessing the election of an African American man into the presidential office caused me to question colorblindness in our society. Ditomaso mentions in her article about African Americans being selected by colleges. .choosing someone because they were black as opposed to choosing someone on the basis of merit† . In a truly colorblind society the fact that a Harvard graduate and a successful Illinois governor had been elected to the presidential office would have been enough cau se for celebration and the fact that an African American man was elected into office would not have mattered. Thus I conclude that our present day society is not colorblind. Someone arguing that we live in a colorblind society might say that the fact that we have ethnic studies classes is proof of our colorblindness in the present day society. Ethnic studies as a discipline had been born in the 1960’s out of the cultural conflicts that occurred when blacks, Chicanos, American Indians, and Asian-Americans protested that their contributions to American society had been sorely ignored in the texts that Eurocentric middle-class white males historically had articulated† . They could argue that protests from minority groups, that led to the creation of ethnic studies, were not ignored because of increased tolerance and societies change to colorblindness. But the existence of the ethnic studies class is a sign of a non colorblind society. Gutierrez article he sums up ethnic st udies pretty well. â€Å"In the most optimistic scenarios, ethnic studies offers a path for the peaceful management of differences over time; at worst, it is seen as exacerbating the importance of identity politics over time† . The creation of an ethnic studies class does not eradicate discrimination rather informs us of it. The ethnic studies class is able to function because we are still able to distinguish between race and in this way we learn about the discrimination that has affected each of these races. Learning about the injustices of the past, for the sake of not repeating them, also causes us to not forget them. In conclusion our modern day efforts to achieve a colorblind society have increased our tolerance but we have yet to say that we live in a truly colorblind society. Individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination still exists in our society and has been a hindrance to the progression of our society to color blindness. Our present day society is not col orblind and I am glad for that. Though race discrimination and distinction may lead to negative consequences, I cannot ignore the greatest positive that comes from it. Different cultures, it is the most unique aspect of America. Our modern day nation is known as the melting pot because we are able to identify ourselves to different races and yet be able to live together. We need the distinction of race to uphold the culture and tradition that belongs to it. I believe that the ideal society would not be color blind but be accepting of all the different races. We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

College Essay Topics - Tips For the Student

College Essay Topics - Tips For the StudentOhio State University, with over twenty-eight thousand students, is always busy with College essay topics and many of the topics are lengthy and require the students to write academic essays. Students who have not had much writing experience may find these to be very demanding tasks.The first thing that the students should do before they start any College essay topics is to do a little research on the topic and make a list of possible topics. As with all essays, it is very important for the students to create a topic list. The next step is to start working on the essay.Writing essays on college essay topics can be very challenging because they require writing skills in several different areas. Each student must be able to work on several aspects of the essay to produce a good finished product.Often students find it difficult to write on college essay topics because they feel that they have to write the entire essay by themselves. Not only do es this cause the student to become more anxious, but often times the assignment is very difficult and time consuming. It is essential that the student has the assistance of a professor or someone in the department.There are also many benefits to having help in the form of a guide or friend or family member to assist the student. There is also the option of asking a professional to help with College essay topics if the student can afford it. Since college offers many support programs, it may be better to hire someone to help than pay for extra help that will not really help the student.Some students may find the College essay topics to be overwhelming, but there are still other students who can complete the assignments on their own and enjoy the process. This can be a great experience for both the student and the instructor.Many instructors find that giving College essay topics will be fun and enjoyable for both the student and the instructor. This allows the student to have a lot o f fun and learn from an experienced teacher while still completing the assignment.Students that are not sure how to begin writing essays on College essay topics need to make sure that they take the time to research the topic and choose a topic that they can tackle successfully. If they cannot, then they need to consider hiring a professor or someone in the school to assist them.

Advice to Will Executor Essay Essays

Advice to Will Executor Essay Essays Advice to Will Executor Essay Essay Advice to Will Executor Essay Essay Johns Will Execution Johns Will cannot be executed without making several legal references. Since its drafting in 2012, various changes have happened to Johns estate that may prompt the seeking of legal aid by its executor. Several clauses do not apply due to their ambiguity or lack of clarity. To start with, there is no residuary clause to guide its executor on the method of disposing of the remaining estate after all the wishes of the deceased are fulfilled. This absence means that Joe will have to refer to the Succession Act, 1965 before making any move. As it is, the will is marred with unachievable wishes that John made before his death. The will raises various questions about its validity, given that John did not seek any legal assistance when drafting the will. The inconsistencies that Joe finds out between the will and the reality also make him question the mental capacity of the testator at the time this will was drafted. The fact that John makes references to non-existing persons invokes the cl ause in the Succession Act of 1965 on Gifts that Fail. When making deliberations on the execution of the will, Joe must follow up the irregularities that are apparent in the will to avoid denying any beneficiary their share while also ensuring that the wishes of the deceased are fulfilled. One of the strategies that Joe must employ in making his decisions is intuition. He has a history with John, and he is better placed to deduce what John might have implied by making some wishes. The suggestions in this paper act as advice to Joe based on the Irish Family Law and the Succession Act of 1965. The case of Paula In his Will, John stated: I leave my farm to my niece, Paula, who currently resides in Co. Kerry. On further inquiry, Joe finds out that John did not have a niece named Paula. Instead, his nieces name was Jill, whose mother was Paula. Additionally, neither Jill nor Paula lived in Kerry. These inconsistencies raise two questions. Joe is wondering whether John referred to Jills mother or Jill in his wish. By giving Johns farm to Jill, Joe would have probably denied Jill mother her inheritance as stated by John. Also, by giving the farm to Paula, Joe would likely have denied Jill her inheritance as left by her uncle. Paula was Johns sister, and he could not have confused her for his niece. However, it is likely that John could not remember the name of Paulas daughter although he knew that she had one. Therefore, the most likely scenario is that John wished to leave his farm to Jill, but she could not remember her name out of old age. In his statement, John was clear that he wanted his f arm to go to his niece who he accidentally referred to with her mothers name. I would, therefore, advise Joe to allocate the farm to Jill since she is the most likely designated heiress for this estate. There isnt any possibility of a legal tussle that will ensue if Joe allocates the farm to Jill. Paula, Johns sister, is not likely to contest this offer in a probate court. Joe does not need to consult a lawyer due to the few risks of litigation that may result from his decision. Donation to the Cancer Center A gift may fail where its subject matter is unclear for the court or executor to satisfy the wish. However, the court can deduce what the testator may have wanted by making such an offer and thereby execute the will based on intuition (Ward, 2010). This incident has happened before in the case of Makeown vs. Ardagh. John in his 2012 Will stated the following: I leave the sum of 50,000 to the Cancer Charity in Dublin. The wills executor found out later that there are two Cancer Charity Organizations in Dublin. However, there was a record that John had been giving donations to one of the Cancer Charities. Joe is thus tempted to reason out that John referred to this particular Charity in his will. But it is also possible that John wanted to give the donation to the other Cancer Charity after he was gone since both Charities were doing philanthropic work. The second assumption is not very likely since John had never given his money to another Cancer Charity in Dublin apart from the Irish Cancer Cociety. In this matter, I would advise Joe to offer 50,000 to the Irish Cancer Society The Case of Mary Smith Another challenge that Joe is facing in the execution of Johns will is the problem of non-existent property. In his second statement, John ordered the executor to give the deceaseds car and some money to a person by the name of Mary Smith as a token of appreciation for the care that she offered John during his last days. Joe is informed that John knew of two people who were named Mary Smith. One of the people who went by this name was a woman who cooked for John in her ailing years. The other person is the first womans daughter, although John does not have any information that she took care of him in any way. Therefore, it is prudent for Joe to fulfill Johns wish by giving the said gifts to Mary Smith senior. This statement has another problem. John drafted his will in 2012 while he still owned a car. By the time of his death, this car was no longer in Johns possession. According to Ward (2010), this car falls under the Gifts that Fail section of the Succession Act of 1965. Article 3 75 (a) (c) of the Act states that ademption by extinction may occur if the gift in question does not exist at the time of the death of the testator (Keatin, 2016). In this case, I would advise Joe to give 10,000 to Mary Smith senior as Johns appreciation for her care. Joe should also tell Smith that John had offered his car to her, although the gift could not take effect since it was not present at the time of Johns death. Residuary Clause Since there is no residuary clause attached to the will, John will consult the Succession Act, 1965 to determine how the remaining estate will be subdivided. For this matter, John is assumed to be intestate. At this point, Joe believes that John was not succeeded by any spouse or children. According to the law, Johns estate should be inherited by his parents, although he is not survived by any. Also, John does not have any living brothers or sisters. The people that are next in the succession line are Johns nieces and nephews. According to the law, Johns remaining estate will be subdivided equally among Steve and Nancy. His first cousin Fred and Nancys daughter are not entitled to any inheritance. Fred could only be a candidate to inheritance if he were the only relative alive. Mary, Nancys daughter, cannot receive any inheritance since her mother has already received a gift from John. Before making this judgment, Joe should first investigate whether John has a legally recognized spo use. The Case of Mary Murphy On further probing, Joe realized that John had a legally binding affair with a man named Mary Murphy. This fact is ascertained by the discovery of a marriage certificate in Johns house. Joe believes that Mary Murphy did not spend any time with John, and the couple did not have any children. John did not mention of Mary Murphy in his Will, and there is no document to show that Mary is exempt from Johns inheritance. Therefore, there is a possibility that Mary will appear later to claim his legal right share as a married spouse. The Succession Act of 1965 Article 376 states that a spouse is entitled to half of the testators estate if the couple had no children. However, Article 380 of the same Act precludes a spouse from inheriting any estate if they had deserted the testator for two or more years before the latters death (Keatin, 2016). I advise Joe to ignore Mary Murphy since she has no right under the law to claim any share of Johns estate. References Keatin A. Succession Law in Ireland: Principles, Cases and Commentary. Clarus Press Ward, P. (2010). Family Law in Ireland. Kluwer Law International.