Technical Paper on E-Commerce free essay sample

TECHNICAL PAPER ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ABSTRACT There is no official definition as to what electronic commerce is. Different experts have different definitions. Communication people say that it is the transmission of information, of products/services of payments through telephone lines, network or any other medium. From a businessman standpoint, e-commerce is the use of technology to automate business transactions and work flows. Someone from the service industry might say that e-commerce is a transaction and work flows. Someone from the service industry might say that e-commerce is a helpful innovation that allows business to cut costs, enabling it to provide better quality products with a quicker delivery time. For our purpose and probably the general and literal definition for e-commerce is that it is the actually the buying and selling of goods or services electronically online. Products are displayed on an online store and potential customers can read information about the product, see them on the website and have the option to purchase them online. We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Paper on E-Commerce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are sites selling everything from pets to automobiles. Virtually any product or service can be sold online. All the principles involved in good business practices apply here. Electronic commerce presents a fantastic opportunity for businesses to increase their sales. Online storefronts operate by using a shopping cart. A shopping cart allows visitors select multiple products and collects payment information. Choosing a shopping cart is a critical step in the design of your site. Shopping carts should be matched to the needs of your website. The internet is a new and existing realm that offers businesses the ability to reach millions of customers at very low costs. It also offers businesses the ability to conduct sales through their website 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Establishing an E-commerce website requires an experienced e-commerce designer. There is a multitude of issues, which must be addressed that require very specific knowledge in programming, security and in the unique nature of internet transactions. Failure to address many issues surrounding the creation of an e-commerce site can result in lost business, damaged credibility of financial losses. When you fill out a form on a website that information travels from your computer to the website’s server computer. A special program which resides then processes that information on the server computer. Generally this information this information is emailed to the owner of the website. Secure ordering occurs when a website or an order form is accessed through a secure server. A secure server is a server computer which has special encryption software installed. Any information you submit is encrypted or coded when transmitted. It is more complicated than that, but further explanation would require extra jargon. At this point the customer has placed their order; however the transaction is still not complete until the merchant receives the information. Many sites ordering systems are secure to this point. However, security problems can arise after the information arrives on the server computer. Many websites claim to have secure ordering while in fact they do not. The information is only secured during the initial transmission from the visitor’s computer to the server computer. After the information arrives at the server computer, man websites simply email the information to whoever processes the orders. Email is not a secure method of transmitting information. With the proper knowledge anyone can access the information as it is transmitted. There are several ways to handle securing the information after it arrives on the server. One of the options is to keep the information on the server. Generally writing the information to an inaccessible or secured section of the server computer does this. The merchant can then retrieve the information. A security risk does arise with this method if the operators of the hosting service act unscrupulously and access the server using their administrative access. INTRODUCTION E-commerce is an exceptionally cost effective way of generating extra revenue. E-commerce removes all geographical boundaries and time differences. With increased demand for retail services, on-line ordering will enable your organization to sell its products and resources over the internet customers can order directly from a secure server, with Visa payments now being accepted in both Newzealand and American currencies. Implementation of a successful e-commerce site first involves establishing some strategies. E-commerce: Enables automated and 24 hour ordering that reduces the cost and the chances of errors. Improves customer service Allows customers to track orders themselves Provides up-to- date price list and product catalogues Greatly reduces the time between ordering and dispatch Reduces supply chain costs. Some of the terminologies used:- Shopping Carts- programs that arrow visitors to select products as they move through a website. When they are finished shopping it gives them a total purchase amount. An ordering process also is also generally present Membership Sites- sites which offer members specific information for the cost of membership Secure Transactions- using â€Å"Encryption or coding† to encode sensitive information to prevent unauthorized viewing Real Time Credit Card Processing- Where the customer finds out immediately if their credit cards was accepted or denied. Standard or ‘Batch’ Credit Card Processing- Where the merchant transmits the customers ordering information and card number to their credit card processor. What e-commerce represents is a way to reach out to customers. E-commerce will allow you to undertake cost-effective business with large number of customers, and with lower value orders. E-commerce can be divided into: E-tailing or â€Å"virtual storefronts† on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a â€Å"virtual mail†. The gathering and use of demographic data through web contacts Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) , the business –to-business exchange of data E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers( for example with newsletters) Business-to- business buying and selling The security of business transactions CONCEPTS OF E-COMMERCE E-tailing or The Virtual storefront and the Virtual mail As a place for direct retailing shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering and multimedia prospects, the web is rapidly becoming a multibillion-dollar source of revenue for the world’s businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. But early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of ollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Apart from computer and network products, books(Amazon. com), gardening products(garden. com), music on compact disks(CDNow), and office supplies (Supplies Online) were a few of the better-known e-commerce sites. By early 1999, even businesses that have always counted on fa ce-to-face customer interaction were planning e-commerce websites and many businesses were planning how to coordinate in-store and web store retail approaches. Meanwhile, new businesses based entirely on web sales were being invented daily. Market Research In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature of the internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers in unprecedented amounts-through site registration, questionnaires and as part of taking orders. The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and permission of market subjects had been raised. (Microsoft referred to its policy of data collection as profiling and a proposed standard has been developed that allows internet users to decide who can have what personal information) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) EDI is the exchange of business data using an understood data format. It predates today’s Internet. EDI involves data exchange among parties that know each other will and make arrangements for one-to-one (or point-to-point) connection, usually dial-up. E-Mail, Fax, and Internet Telephony E-commerce is also conducted through the more limited electronic forms of communication called e-mail, facsimile or fax and the emerging use of telephone calls over the internet. Most of this is business-to-business, with some companies attempting to use e-mail and fax for unsolicited ads (usually viewed as online junk mail or spam) to consumers and other business prospects. An increasing number of business websites offer e-mail newsletters for subscribers. A new trend is opt-in email which web users voluntarily sign up to receive email, usually sponsored or containing ads, about product categories or other subjects they are interested in. Business –to-business buying and selling Thousands of companies that sell products to other companies have discovered that the web providers not only a 24- hour-a-day showcase for their products but a quick way to reach the right people in a company for more information. The Security of Business Transactions Security includes authenticating business transactions, controlling access to resources such as Web pages for registered or selected users, encrypting communications and in general ensuring the privacy and effectiveness of transactions. Among the most widely used security technologies are SSL and RSA. Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) is an emerging industry standard. *E –* Business â€Å"E –business† ( â€Å" electronic business ,† derived from such terms as â€Å"e-mail† and â€Å"e-commerce†) is the conduct of business on the internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. One of the firsts to use the term was IBM, when in October 1997, it launched a thematic campaign built around the term. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet and its new culture and capabilities. Companies are using the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotion and to do joint research. Exploiting the convenience availability and worldwide reach of the internet, many companies, such as Amazon. com, the booksellers, have already discovered how to use the internet successfully. Increasingly, much direct selling (or e-tailing) is taking place on the Internet of computer related equipment and software. One of the firsts to report sales in the millions of dollars directly from the web was Dell computer. Travel bookings directly or indirectly as a result of web research are becoming significance. Customer-orderable golf clubs and similar specialties are considered good prospects for the immediate future. With the security built into today’s browsers and with the digital certificates now available for individuals and companies from VeriSign, a certificate issuer, much of the early concern about the security of business transaction on the web has abated and e-business by whatever name is accelerating. IBM also considers the development of intranets and extranets to be part of business. Trade and commerce between individuals is as old as the existence of mankind. There have been innumerable channels that have facilitated this exchange. The latest to join this is e-commerce. The debatable topic now is what extent this new venture will make roads into business operations. In 1997-98 experts predicted the e-commerce trade to be worth $ 200-250 billions and expected figures today are $ 3 trillion of its volume. E-commerce method of doing business differs from traditional commerce because it combines information and technology, telecommunications technology and business process to make it practical to do business in ways that could not be done otherwise. Types of e-commerce E-commerce is divided into three major segments i. e. Inter – organizational Intra – organizational Retail inter-organizational, between different business entities It reduces suppliers and facilitates business partnerships by reducing purchase orders, processing costs and inventory cycle timings. It could be operated on Internet or extranet which just lets us select a few participants. Supply chain management or payment management is examples of inter-organizational application. Intra organizational e-commerce occurs within a business entity. The objective is to link the constituents together and increase the flow of information within the organization. Examples of it include human resource or department websites that disseminate information and services through an intranet. Retail e-commerce, as the name suggests, is directed at the consumer. It can be used for any business for consumer interaction. Technological dimensions of e-commerce While many technologies can fit within the definitions of e-commerce, the most important are electronic data interchange(EDI), bar codes, electronic mails, internet, World Wide Web, product data exchange and electronic forms. Electronic Data Interchange is the computer to computer transfer of structured information in a standard electronic format. Information stored in one computer is translated by software programs into standard EDI format for transmission to one or more trading partners. The trading partner’s computer, in turn, translates the information using software to a form, which they can understand. Bar codes are used for automatic product identification by a computer. They are rectangular type of lines of varying widths and spaces. The most common example of bar codes is consumer products like packaged food, books etc. These codes allow the product to be scanned at the checkout corners. As the product is identified, the price of the product is entered in cash register, while internal systems are automatically updated. Electronic Mails are message composed by individuals and sent to other recipients via Internet. Internet is decentralized network of millions of computers and computer networks. World Wide Web is a collection of documents written and encoded with hypertext marker language. With the aid of a relatively small piece of software, the user can ask for these documents and display them on the users local computer. Product Data Interchange is exchange of data usually in the graphic form that is needed to describe a project. Electronic Forms is a technology that combines the familiarity of paper forms with the power of storing information in digital form. To the user and the electronic form is simply a digital analogue of such a paper form, but appears on a computer screen and is filled out via mouse and keyboard. FUNCTIONS OF E-COMMERCE There are four functions of e-commerce:- Communication Process management Service management Transactional capabilities The communication function is aimed at the delivery of information and /or document to facilitate business transactions. Email is an excellent example of this. The process management function covers the automation and improvement of business process. The best example of this would be networking two computers together so that they can be shared and transfer of data is possible instead of one person taking data from one computer to another. Service management function is the application of technology to improve the quality of services. A good example of this is the Federal Express Website. It permits customers to track shipments and schedule pick-ups 24 hours a day without having to talk to a service representative. Customer services are greatly enhanced due to this site. The last function, transaction capabilities provide the ability to buy and sell on the internet. Amazon. com and REI offer good example. PRE-REQUISITES OF E-COMMERCE There are a very few pre-requisites to conduct e-commerce business. These are: Either your own or provided by a cart A shopping cart programmed to list your products or services and means to collect purchase information. A method to get funds into your bank account. If you want to automate the process, a compatible credit card merchant account and transaction processor (e. g. Authorise. net) to collect the credit card information and obtain authorization and post the funds into your account are required. SIGNIFICANCE OF E-COMMERCE Participants in the electronic market place are not only limited to digital product companies such as publishing, software and information industries. The digital age and digital revolution affect all of us by virtue of their process innovations. The web TV and digital television is going to affect the TV news and entertainment programs. Changes in telecommunications will affect the way we receive information, product announcements or orders etc. as phones, Fax USERS OF E-COMMERCE Anyone with something to sell can use e-commerce. If you access a website where you can store information about the items or products your company offers, you can use e-commerce. There are three kinds of business concerns, which are mainly using e-commerce. The first are new enterprises, which have no existing infrastructure. The other is the technology company which would have an interest in electronic routes to promote their services. The third category is of media companies, which would benefit from fast distribution of information together with low set up costs. Credit cards, cheques or any other mode of payment arrangement can be set up to be used via the internet. You do not have a transaction processor to process the transaction in real time, although real time credit card processing offers the most immediate methods to have funds deposited into your account. These are the e-commerce solution that allow information collection and retrieval from a secure server and then let you enter that information manually at your local terminal. EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL OF E-COMMERCE According to computer system of a value added network (VAN) of the US government, there are many full and part time positions available in e-commerce with flexible hours. The current requirements but are not limited to: Systems programming(Unix,Win95,Win NT) EDI programmers Communication Engineers (Routers,ISDN,SLIP, PPP,RAS) Communication programmers (C,C++, VB) Technical writers Technical Support Sales and Marketing focus Field Engineering Support. PROS AND CONS OF E-COMMERCE ADVANTAGES Although in its infancy, e commerce is the most popular way for a business to expand their customer base and increase productivity. In recent years the online shopping industry has leaped forward and every business can be found without a website. With an Earth Link Total Commerce Package, you can sell product throughout the world by your web-based store. Here are some of the pros and cons of e-commerce:- The biggest advantage of e-commerce is that distance doesn’t matter in carrying out the trades. You can reach out to the world anytime you want. This helps the companies to have a cheap and effective way of communications with suppliers on one side with customers on the other. Contact with suppliers is possible through internet or via an EDI system. Secondly, unlike a brick and mortar store an online store is open 24 hours a day,7 days a week and 365 days a year. Thirdly, compared with a retail outlet or a new office the cost of setting up of an e-commerce office is very low. Fourthly, there is flexibility in a website to add and remove a product or product than in catalogue. Another advantage of being online is that it potentially gives exposure to previously untapped market segments. Another benefit is error reduction because orders don’t have to be re-keyed into order entry systems increased efficiencies through the automation of business process. Other benefits include wider choice and no wastage of time. People who want to buy products usually have to go out and search a shop. Now the only thing they have to do is turn their computer and select one of the thousands of online stores. Customers can find product from all over the world, so the amount of offers is far greater. DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE Among the disadvantages of selling online include inability to touch and feel the merchandise. As one analyst puts it, â€Å"kick the tyres†. This is a psychological barrier but as consumers become more familiar with shopping online this barrier will go. Further, a big rush with the growing importance of e-commerce and computer communication technology is that people don’t have social contacts any more. Further, because online stores do not exist for very long, many companies do not know how to set up a store. This results in a large group of annoyed customers, who want to but something but it is not clear how they should and there is no one who they should ask, like in a normal shop. In addition, computer systems will never be 100% safe. There shall be hackers who intercept money transactions and cause problems for consumers and companies. Above all in a developing nation Internet user usually is a young highly educated man. If you start a business then perhaps you might not reach women and elderly. At this time, e-commerce is not good if you want to sell product to a target other than highly educated man. This won’t be a problem in future as more and more people will use computer and the internet. PROSPECTS OF E-COMMERCE Though difficult to predict precisely but it is more likely that it stays here. On the up side all of us believe that e-commerce will increase exponentially in the coming years. An estimated 148 million shoppers were expected to spend an estimated $ 15 million in the cyber market space. According to IDC market estimates cyber sales are set to increase by 20% by the year 2000. The US department report in April 1998 titled â€Å"The Emergent Digital Economy† predicted that e-commerce will account $300 million annually by 2002. Area expected to grow includes financial services, entertainment, travel and groceries. The jackpot returns from e-commerce depend a lot on how the business processes are being leveraged by electronic transformation. On the downside experts say that longer a company waits the more difficult it will be to establish their presence. On the whole in the next few years, experts say that the world and the world of marketing in particular will be entirely transformed by the yet to be realized potential of e-commerce. Lessons derived from the evolution of e-commerce The following is a checklist of a few lessons learnt from the coming of e-commerce: No one that properly embraced ATMs, ant time money credit or debit cards even went back. Customers want expanded hours-24 hours per day are the limit. If it is convenient, people will gravitate to it after experimenting with it. Customers want expanded locations – the closer to home the better – the home is the limit. Customers change the way businessmen does business, technology is merely the facilitator. There is an inevitable trend in its emergence and e-commerce is here to stay. CONCLUSION E-commerce is growing explosively on the internet. Before the end of this decade, millions of companies and individuals will be buying, selling, bidding, brokering, advertising and collaborating on a daily basis, as the Internet merges with other branches of information highway. The resulting economies of scale will drastically lower cost of implementing and maintaining a procurement infrastructure. All said and done those who clearly see the opportunity, understand the medium creatively and completely put it to work for them, will definitely succeed in the digital economy of tomorrow. The e-commerce market may be infant in terms of years of existence, but the time has come for it to mature and develop a rational commerce strategy. Additionally using these methods will allow you to track your orders to the end user to investigate a fraudulent transaction. Real –time processing and delivery- Try to avoid real time processing and product delivery if at all possible. When your product is delivered immediately you lose the ability to check the order for possible fraud. That means a higher likelihood of stolen cards. Matching Addresses- If you receive an order that has different addresses for shipping and billing you should red flag this order. Many times there is nothing wrong with this type of order, but this is also a common way for someone using a stolen card to obtain merchandise. Call the Issuing Bank- This is an excellent way to determine if a card is stolen. When you provide the number to the bank they tell you immediately if the card is valid, stolen, or whatever. Since you don’t have the card in your possession you can call the credit card company- Visa, MasterCard etc. and get the name of the issuing bank. Don’t accept orders from free email addresses- Addresses such as usa. net, yahoo. com, or other free email addresses are perfect ways for an individual to hide their identity. Anyone can sign up for the services and they can give false information when signing up. The majority of fraudulent transactions come from free email address services. Make sure you tell your clients that any information submitted would not be used for any other purposes, nor will it be distributed. Envy- reports – These reports are taken by your form submission program and generally display IP addresses, and other visitor information. This information is very important in tracking orders, which have proven to be fraudulent. Using the IP address you can track the individual to their ISP and from there you can get the persons real address. Generally ISPs will release this information only if you can provide solid evidence that the individual committed fraud. You may also be required to get a court order. Telephone numbers – The best advice one can give is to get phone numbers from all customers and contact each customer regarding their order. One may also recommend telling customers on the order form, that you will be contacting them regarding their order prior to order fulfillment. This will stop many thieves from even placing the order. BIBLIOGRAPHY Employment News- January 2000 Website : http://www. dell. com Website :http://ecommerce. internet. com/ Website : http://www. consumer. net Website: http://www. ecrc. ctc. com/ Why This Fuse About E-Commerce- By Sanjay Kumar Misra E-Commerce (An Overview Of E-Commerce For Students And General Readers) By Bhushan Dewan E-commerce – By Dr. Milind M. Oka

PTSD and DID for Post-Traumatic Stress- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePTSD and DID for Post-Traumatic Stress. Answer: Introduction Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is experienced by a person after he or she is subjected to a serious accident or has been involved or witnessed death (Skortz, 2015). The chances of acquiring this disorder sometime in their lives based on the U.S. population are approximately 7-8% (Jaimie L. Gradus, DSc, MPH, February 23, 2016). Apart from PTSD Dissociative identity disorder (DID) also occur as a result of traumatic experiences witnessed by an individual. The most visible characteristic of this disorder is the fact that an individual develops multiple personalities which take control of their original self. Although the disease is not common, it has been previously reported at around 1% (James , Chen and Jacky 2000-2015). The objective of this written paper is to provide detailed analysis of Dissociative identity disorder and Post Traumatic Stress in a broader way based on movie Secret Window. The following was discussed based on this movie: synopsis and the main characters, signs, and symptoms of the disorder, its prevalence, how it was treated, psychosocial and ethical issue, discrimination that occurred and finally recommendations are identified which could bring about positive results in the life of a patient Keywords:, psychosocial issues ,Dissociative identity disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ,prevalence, discrimination and Treatment. Body Synopsis of the movie and analysis of the main character: The movie opens with a person dressed in a hat and wearing glasses. The person who is called Mort is driving his car near a hotel conversing to himself and looks thoughtful. Mort stops near the Hotel, moves in hurriedly picks a key and rushes to a room where he gets shocked upon opening the door and finding a man in bed inside the room. The woman in bed with another man is his wife Amy, and the man she is in bed with is her boyfriend, Tod. The second scene shows Mort being woken up from his sofa, his usual place of sleeping by a knock on the door by a strange man named Shooter who accuses Mort of stealing his written story the secret window. The strange man asks Mort to produce magazines to confirm that the story indeed belongs to him in three days failure to which he will sue Morts wife. Shooter then threatens Mort and even kills his dog and Burns the house belonging to Mort and his wife, Amy. After the incidence, Mort requests for help from his friend Ken. Unfortunately, Shooter ki lls his friends after a few days leaving mort a miserable man. His Misery is compounded by the fact that his wife is pressuring him to sign their divorce papers so that she can be with her boyfriend, Tod. Mort appears quite upset. In a flashback we are shown Amy smiling through a small window and telling Mort that that was the Secret window of the secret garden. We learn that it was through that window that she used to see the current boyfriend, Tod. The story of the secret window was written by mort about his wife. Morts time is mostly spent on the sofa sleeping. Mort thinks of Soorter as a friend of Amys loved one and tries to find out. He also makes an effort to get hold of the magazine in which his story was published, but unfortunately, the magazine pages that contained the story are missing. Mort later receives a call from Amy requesting him to sign the divorce papers. The call is followed by Amys decision to appear at Morts house to have him sign the papers. Mort remembers about the cap he bought while they were living a good life with his wife. He starts speaking to himself and seeing himself everywhere and later realizes that he was the shooter. A conflict ensues when his wife Amy appears an in the incidence Amy gets injured although she manages to escape. Tod also gets hit with a shovel on the face which makes him fall. What follows is killing of both Tod and Amy and hiding of their bodies by Mort. In the end, the police know everything that happened, but they cannot arrest and label any charges on Mort because they have not yet found the bodies of the deceased. Associated signs and symptoms: Severe trauma can be experienced by some people in their lives. Such trauma leads to numerous changes both physical and psychological and regarding their behavior, thoughts, and habits. Post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from traumatic experiences can make some people develop psychiatric diseases. If this condition remains untreated for long durations, it can have an impact on the mental health of the victims and lead to the development of a mental disorder. Multiple Personality disorder or dissociative disorder develops as a result of this. The post-traumatic disorder occurs as a result of failed adaptation and is revealed in increased stress levels among the patients. Such is the case when mort opens the door only to find his wife standing there with another man. This incidence makes him helpless. This compounded the suffering that he had had for almost half a year as a result of the traumatic experience he had had. Morts personality can be compared to that of an individual who has post-traumatic stress disorder which can have symptoms lasting for at least three months or even years. Research has shown that people who have PTSD show different signs and symptoms which include intensive memory in which an incidence takes over the mind of an individual and keeps repeating itself. This also occurs in the form of repeated nightmares, hallucinations, flashbacks and illusions. However, these do not only occur when an individual is sleeping but even when they are awake such as the case of Mort when he flashbacks about his wife and which makes him lose touch with the reality and have a conviction that traumatic events are over the time(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2016). Another major attribute of people suffering from the dissociative disorder is the inability to recall important personal information, which cannot be viewed as the mere act of forgetting due to its pervasiveness. Memory variations and split personality are also common as witnessed in the Movie. The Character has another personality in the name of Shooter which takes over his thoughts and behavior. Among the symptoms associated with dissociative identity disorder are instantaneous mood swings depression, suicidal tendencies and aggressiveness which occur as a result of conflict between their two personalities. Other symptoms associated with this disorder include sleep disorders, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders ,anxiety disorder, visual hallucination, phobia auditory , anxiety disorder as a result of anxiety and distress (Dissociative Identity Disorder, 2016) Although there is no cure for dissociative identity disorder, its symptoms can be treated by the use of different types of treatments such as pharmacologic treatment which can be used alone or jointly with psychotherapy Prevalence of the diseases: A study carried out in the year 2014 by among 176 patients by University Psychiatric Outpatient Unit in Turkey on the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder established that the most common age for DID was among teenagers between the ages of 11 and 17 years out of which around 96.8% were as a result of a history of neglect and child abuse. The study also found out that the prevalence of the disease was more on Girls than on boys (Sar, et al.,2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in a study carried out in Shangai China, North America, Canada, and Winnipeg found out that there were more cases of DID in North America as compared to China (Ross, C. A. (2011). Treatment: According to the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing as contrasted with the mere absence of disease in an individual. Mental wellbeing is, therefore, an essential component of an individuals life. Although there are different remedies offered through Psychotherapy for different patients depending on their health situations, both speech therapy, and medication may be required by some while others may require only one of them. Psychotherapy sessions require being carried out in a period of between 6 and 12 months. However, an improvement of an individuals conditions is so much dependent on family support. The changes required in a clients mental status can be identified through speech therapy.Antidepressants are some of the medications that can be used in PTDS to help manage symptoms such as worry, sadness, feeling numb inside and anger. (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2016). Alternatively, special techniques of psychiatric and psychotherapy medical management such as adjunctive therapy and hypnotherapy which involves the induction of deeply relaxed can be applied to manage dissociative identity disorder. Other techniques include pharmacological therapy and psychiatric therapy (Journal of Trauma Dissociation, 2011) In conclusion, there are major components emphasized under effective psychotherapy which includes the creation of awareness about the associated symptoms, instilling of skills to help in the identification of trigger symptoms as well as skills meant at managing the symptoms. Medication can also be applied to relieve the symptoms associated with the disease. Goals of treatment of dissociative identity disorder can help facilitate a change in behavior as well as relieving the symptoms and leading to an increased degree of coordination and communication. Psychosocial issues: Psychosocial issues in a mental disease can be easily developed through low social and family support as well as a reduced self-concept. The impact of this can be felt by friends and family, individuals and at the workplace. In the movie for this report, the main character suffers from post-traumatic stress upon the realization that his wife of 10 years has betrayed him. The impact of this is that he secludes himself, develops hallucinations, sleep disturbances, repeated nightmares, develops a feeling of laziness and lives in fear due to PTSD post-traumatic disorder and dissociative identity disorder. Studies have shown that PTSD can lead to the development of sour and stressful relationships between families and friends whose impact can be divorce, aggression, and violence. The post-traumatic stress experienced by the character [propels him to kill his dog and commit other crimes under shooter personality. The disorder had also cost him his job and reduced his ability to socialize w ith individuals around him. Ethical issues: In the final part of the movie, the police warn Mont of his coming to the city because people are afraid of him. The police already know about the crimes he committed, but due to lack of evidence, they cannot arrest him. This raises a moral question why the police cannot arrest him and whether they should only arrest an offender after gathering proof. As per the ethical principles of autonomy versus nonmalficine, doing no harm to the society is prioritized than the Mort autonomy. So the ethical concern here would be whether Morts autonomy is more important than doing no harm for the society. Discrimination: Discrimination is a common phenomenon among individuals associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. This occurs through stigmatization because of their mental illness and can have a profound effect on them through first label avoidance, i.e. failure to adhere to medication will make a patient develop the fear of being labeled as a person with a mental health condition which can make them shy of from social events. Secondly, it can affect them by denying them a chance to get life opportunities such as a job of their choice. Additionally, self-stigma can result to negative emotional reactions such as developing a low self-esteem and feeling ashamed. At the end of it all, this will subject to social withdrawal and isolation (Karen-leigh Edward, Ian Munro, Anthony Welch, 2014).Labeling and discrimination are witnessed in the movie in the form of the policeman who approaches Mont and informs him of their awareness regarding the crimes committed by Mont although they lack evidence and out of which they want Mont to stay away from the grocery in the city because he is scaring away potential customers. Recommendation: Recommendations are meant to offer a positive response or suitable solutions to an existing issue or problem. In this regard, an early detection of the mental disease analyzed can prevent further complications. Hospitalization becomes necessary in a situation where patients fail to seek medical treatment or fail to comply with their medication requirements which could lead an increase in the possibility of the patients harming themselves or others. Occupation therapy will help in promoting the independence in their daily routine activities and help in the improving the quality of life. In addition, positive stress coping mechanism can be applied to help relieve anxiety and stress. Patients can ventilate by being open to people close to them such as friends and family or professionals like a psychologist. Finally awareness on the signs and symptoms, causes and treatment modules can lead to rising of public awareness regarding the disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to the movie Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder emerges as the cause of dissociative identity Disorder (DID).However; there exist many different mental diseases which possess unique features. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disease that occurs to an individual after a traumatic experience. The dissociative disorder does not only affect individuals during childhood but can also be manifested at later ages. The emergence of a new generation of medicine has improved treatment modalities. The movie raises an issue about patients with DID and PTSD which include discrimination, psychological issues and offers recommendations. References Brown, L. S. (2011). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults, third revision: a tour de force for the dissociation field. Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)'.WebMD.N.p.,2016.Web.6Apr.2016. Jaimie L. Gradus, DSc, MPH. ( February 23, 2016). Epidemiology of PTSD.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420, 10. James D;Chen,Jacky. (2000-2015, June 12). Dissociative Disorder Community. Retrieved from HealthyPlace :https://www.healthyplace.com/abuse/dissociative-identity-disorder/dissociative-identity-disorder-did-statistics-and-facts/ Journal Of Trauma Dissociation: The Official Journal Of The International Society For The Study Of Dissociation (ISSD), 15(4), 402-419. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.864748 Karen-leigh Edward, Ian Munro, Anthony Welch. (2014). Mental Health Nursing. Melbourne: in Australia by Oxford University Press. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.(2016, 1 1). Retrieved 4 3, 2016, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml#part_145375 Sar, V., Onder, C., Kilincaslan, A., Zoroglu, S. S., Alyanak, B. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder among adolescents: prevalence in a university psychiatric outpatient unit. Skortz, J. K. (2015). PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES .PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND TREATMENT, 28.

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Essay Example

The Colorblind Society Essay Example Paper The Colorblind Society Essay Introduction Color blindness or also referred to as race blindness is the exclusion of race in the assessment of a human being. Color blindness is a new concept that strives to mineralize racial discrimination. Our society has strived to find a state of colorblindness but has yet to succeed. Past discriminations have hindered the progress of colorblindness in society. Due to racism in the past many hurdles were created for minorities to overcome in the present. Hurdles such as poverty and negative stereotypes. These hurdles in turn have made it hard for our society to truly become color blind. The racism from the past has made our society unable to truly practice colorblindness because it has caused individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination in the present. Discrimination in the past came in many forms but it started with systemic discrimination. In the early 1900s the Anglo-Saxon ideology was at a high. In the segregation of Mexican student’s article, the author shows how thes e ideologies affected Mexican American in California. Even though Californian had equality law for Mexican Americans, they were still discriminated against. â€Å"Mexicans were only allowed to attend churches located in the Mexican zone. Paradoxically, the religious segregation of the Mexicans only served to sanction other forms of racial segregation and promoted an era of un-Christian Anglo-Saxon domination† . Mexican Americans were forced to live in certain areas and were forced to attend only certain churches. Caucasians systemically discriminated Mexican Americans by separating that entire group of people from themselves. This systemic discrimination which existed in the past has continued to the present. This discrimination of separating and creating communities for different ethnic groups in the past has inadvertently caused discrimination now. The Colorblind Society Essay Body Paragraphs The communities inhabited mostly by minorities became poorer neighborhoods because minorities didn’t earn as much as their white counterparts and so they could not invest much into their communities. Caucasian majority neighborhoods sustained their status and got a price boost when compared to the local minority neighborhood. This translates to present day because even though minorities aren’t forced to stay in certain areas anymore, they still stay in poorer neighborhoods because they cannot afford to move to a better one. Segregation in housing allowed most white homeowners to accumulate equity and wealth while most minorities could not† . This present day segregation of housing is caused by white homeowners discriminating against minorities and their belief that minorities will cause trouble in their neighborhoods. They assume this because most minorities come from poorer neighborhood which they live in because it is affordable or their ancestors were forced to settle in. The past systemic discrimination makes it hard for colorblindness to progress in the present. In the past America has had its share of institutional discrimination. But the most negatively influential of this type of discrimination is that of schooling. During the early 1900s Mexican American children were discriminated by Caucasians. Mexican American children were made to go to a separate school. â€Å".school segregation of /Chicano students in public elementary and secondary schools in California has its origins in racial ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority.† . Caucasians justified this institutional discrimination by calming that Mexican American children were not well versed in English and this was a hindrance to Caucasian children. The school Mexican Americans children were sent to had a â€Å"dumbed† down curriculum so that in the future the Mexican American children would provide a cheap source of labor. This type of institutional discrimination h as a connection to the present. These children who were discriminated against had less skill and did not get good paying job and so they were stuck in their poor neighborhoods and now their children face the same problem. America discriminates against minority children by creating the no child left behind act. By holding schools and children to higher standards without providing the resources necessary to meet those standards, they punish students who have received a poor education, and fuel dropout rates† . This act causes public schools from poor neighborhoods to receive less funding from the local government because they do not meet their high standard of education. Lewis states, â€Å"Unlike most industrialized nations, which fund schools nationally, the United Sates has historically funded schools locally, with many resulting disparities† . The local government gives less money to these schools because the minority students are not given equal resources as the stud ents from richer schools. So they perform worst that the students of richer schools. Thus the past discrimination has caused institutional discrimination in the present. A side effect of this present discrimination has brought about the existence of affirmative action. Affirmative action is an act that mandates that a certain percentage of ethnic groups need to be admitted into a public institution. .the inherent relationship between affirmative action, on the one hand, and diversity on the other† . This act tries to provide an equal opportunity for minority students to gain admission into colleges. But the existence of such an act is a direct indicator of how non-colorblind our society is. In a truly colorblind society we would not need to distinguish poverty by the guide lines of race. Individual discrimination was prevalent in the past and it still is. In the past it was considered the norm to discriminate against an individual based solely on their race. In the movie we wa tched in class about the Pine Ridge Massacre. Two FBI agents who were pursuing suspects of a robbery drove into the Pine Ridge Reservation. When they approached a group of American Indians they started firing their guns at an Indian boy because they assumed he was linked to the culprit. The FBI agents discriminated against the Indian boy by coming to the conclusion that because he is Native American the boy must have had something to do with the local gangs, which were thought to be the cause of the robbery. The altercation ended with both agents and the American Indian boy being dead. Unlike in the past individual discrimination in the present day is seen less. Present day discrimination is practiced by some knowingly and some unknowingly. Though this example has been over used I felt that it best summarized our present day societal views. The recent election of our 44th president is my example. The knowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was from the threa ts the KKK issued during his run for the office and the unknowingly done individual discrimination against President Obama was by all of us. When President Obama was elected the public celebrated the fact that our president was African American. I feel that this is individual discrimination because the American population celebrates President Obama’s race while the race of our previous presidents did not merit recognition. I confess that am also a culprit of this discrimination. My ecstasy over witnessing the election of an African American man into the presidential office caused me to question colorblindness in our society. Ditomaso mentions in her article about African Americans being selected by colleges. .choosing someone because they were black as opposed to choosing someone on the basis of merit† . In a truly colorblind society the fact that a Harvard graduate and a successful Illinois governor had been elected to the presidential office would have been enough cau se for celebration and the fact that an African American man was elected into office would not have mattered. Thus I conclude that our present day society is not colorblind. Someone arguing that we live in a colorblind society might say that the fact that we have ethnic studies classes is proof of our colorblindness in the present day society. Ethnic studies as a discipline had been born in the 1960’s out of the cultural conflicts that occurred when blacks, Chicanos, American Indians, and Asian-Americans protested that their contributions to American society had been sorely ignored in the texts that Eurocentric middle-class white males historically had articulated† . They could argue that protests from minority groups, that led to the creation of ethnic studies, were not ignored because of increased tolerance and societies change to colorblindness. But the existence of the ethnic studies class is a sign of a non colorblind society. Gutierrez article he sums up ethnic st udies pretty well. â€Å"In the most optimistic scenarios, ethnic studies offers a path for the peaceful management of differences over time; at worst, it is seen as exacerbating the importance of identity politics over time† . The creation of an ethnic studies class does not eradicate discrimination rather informs us of it. The ethnic studies class is able to function because we are still able to distinguish between race and in this way we learn about the discrimination that has affected each of these races. Learning about the injustices of the past, for the sake of not repeating them, also causes us to not forget them. In conclusion our modern day efforts to achieve a colorblind society have increased our tolerance but we have yet to say that we live in a truly colorblind society. Individual, institutional, and systemic discrimination still exists in our society and has been a hindrance to the progression of our society to color blindness. Our present day society is not col orblind and I am glad for that. Though race discrimination and distinction may lead to negative consequences, I cannot ignore the greatest positive that comes from it. Different cultures, it is the most unique aspect of America. Our modern day nation is known as the melting pot because we are able to identify ourselves to different races and yet be able to live together. We need the distinction of race to uphold the culture and tradition that belongs to it. I believe that the ideal society would not be color blind but be accepting of all the different races. We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Colorblind Society Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

College Essay Topics - Tips For the Student

College Essay Topics - Tips For the StudentOhio State University, with over twenty-eight thousand students, is always busy with College essay topics and many of the topics are lengthy and require the students to write academic essays. Students who have not had much writing experience may find these to be very demanding tasks.The first thing that the students should do before they start any College essay topics is to do a little research on the topic and make a list of possible topics. As with all essays, it is very important for the students to create a topic list. The next step is to start working on the essay.Writing essays on college essay topics can be very challenging because they require writing skills in several different areas. Each student must be able to work on several aspects of the essay to produce a good finished product.Often students find it difficult to write on college essay topics because they feel that they have to write the entire essay by themselves. Not only do es this cause the student to become more anxious, but often times the assignment is very difficult and time consuming. It is essential that the student has the assistance of a professor or someone in the department.There are also many benefits to having help in the form of a guide or friend or family member to assist the student. There is also the option of asking a professional to help with College essay topics if the student can afford it. Since college offers many support programs, it may be better to hire someone to help than pay for extra help that will not really help the student.Some students may find the College essay topics to be overwhelming, but there are still other students who can complete the assignments on their own and enjoy the process. This can be a great experience for both the student and the instructor.Many instructors find that giving College essay topics will be fun and enjoyable for both the student and the instructor. This allows the student to have a lot o f fun and learn from an experienced teacher while still completing the assignment.Students that are not sure how to begin writing essays on College essay topics need to make sure that they take the time to research the topic and choose a topic that they can tackle successfully. If they cannot, then they need to consider hiring a professor or someone in the school to assist them.

Advice to Will Executor Essay Essays

Advice to Will Executor Essay Essays Advice to Will Executor Essay Essay Advice to Will Executor Essay Essay Johns Will Execution Johns Will cannot be executed without making several legal references. Since its drafting in 2012, various changes have happened to Johns estate that may prompt the seeking of legal aid by its executor. Several clauses do not apply due to their ambiguity or lack of clarity. To start with, there is no residuary clause to guide its executor on the method of disposing of the remaining estate after all the wishes of the deceased are fulfilled. This absence means that Joe will have to refer to the Succession Act, 1965 before making any move. As it is, the will is marred with unachievable wishes that John made before his death. The will raises various questions about its validity, given that John did not seek any legal assistance when drafting the will. The inconsistencies that Joe finds out between the will and the reality also make him question the mental capacity of the testator at the time this will was drafted. The fact that John makes references to non-existing persons invokes the cl ause in the Succession Act of 1965 on Gifts that Fail. When making deliberations on the execution of the will, Joe must follow up the irregularities that are apparent in the will to avoid denying any beneficiary their share while also ensuring that the wishes of the deceased are fulfilled. One of the strategies that Joe must employ in making his decisions is intuition. He has a history with John, and he is better placed to deduce what John might have implied by making some wishes. The suggestions in this paper act as advice to Joe based on the Irish Family Law and the Succession Act of 1965. The case of Paula In his Will, John stated: I leave my farm to my niece, Paula, who currently resides in Co. Kerry. On further inquiry, Joe finds out that John did not have a niece named Paula. Instead, his nieces name was Jill, whose mother was Paula. Additionally, neither Jill nor Paula lived in Kerry. These inconsistencies raise two questions. Joe is wondering whether John referred to Jills mother or Jill in his wish. By giving Johns farm to Jill, Joe would have probably denied Jill mother her inheritance as stated by John. Also, by giving the farm to Paula, Joe would likely have denied Jill her inheritance as left by her uncle. Paula was Johns sister, and he could not have confused her for his niece. However, it is likely that John could not remember the name of Paulas daughter although he knew that she had one. Therefore, the most likely scenario is that John wished to leave his farm to Jill, but she could not remember her name out of old age. In his statement, John was clear that he wanted his f arm to go to his niece who he accidentally referred to with her mothers name. I would, therefore, advise Joe to allocate the farm to Jill since she is the most likely designated heiress for this estate. There isnt any possibility of a legal tussle that will ensue if Joe allocates the farm to Jill. Paula, Johns sister, is not likely to contest this offer in a probate court. Joe does not need to consult a lawyer due to the few risks of litigation that may result from his decision. Donation to the Cancer Center A gift may fail where its subject matter is unclear for the court or executor to satisfy the wish. However, the court can deduce what the testator may have wanted by making such an offer and thereby execute the will based on intuition (Ward, 2010). This incident has happened before in the case of Makeown vs. Ardagh. John in his 2012 Will stated the following: I leave the sum of 50,000 to the Cancer Charity in Dublin. The wills executor found out later that there are two Cancer Charity Organizations in Dublin. However, there was a record that John had been giving donations to one of the Cancer Charities. Joe is thus tempted to reason out that John referred to this particular Charity in his will. But it is also possible that John wanted to give the donation to the other Cancer Charity after he was gone since both Charities were doing philanthropic work. The second assumption is not very likely since John had never given his money to another Cancer Charity in Dublin apart from the Irish Cancer Cociety. In this matter, I would advise Joe to offer 50,000 to the Irish Cancer Society The Case of Mary Smith Another challenge that Joe is facing in the execution of Johns will is the problem of non-existent property. In his second statement, John ordered the executor to give the deceaseds car and some money to a person by the name of Mary Smith as a token of appreciation for the care that she offered John during his last days. Joe is informed that John knew of two people who were named Mary Smith. One of the people who went by this name was a woman who cooked for John in her ailing years. The other person is the first womans daughter, although John does not have any information that she took care of him in any way. Therefore, it is prudent for Joe to fulfill Johns wish by giving the said gifts to Mary Smith senior. This statement has another problem. John drafted his will in 2012 while he still owned a car. By the time of his death, this car was no longer in Johns possession. According to Ward (2010), this car falls under the Gifts that Fail section of the Succession Act of 1965. Article 3 75 (a) (c) of the Act states that ademption by extinction may occur if the gift in question does not exist at the time of the death of the testator (Keatin, 2016). In this case, I would advise Joe to give 10,000 to Mary Smith senior as Johns appreciation for her care. Joe should also tell Smith that John had offered his car to her, although the gift could not take effect since it was not present at the time of Johns death. Residuary Clause Since there is no residuary clause attached to the will, John will consult the Succession Act, 1965 to determine how the remaining estate will be subdivided. For this matter, John is assumed to be intestate. At this point, Joe believes that John was not succeeded by any spouse or children. According to the law, Johns estate should be inherited by his parents, although he is not survived by any. Also, John does not have any living brothers or sisters. The people that are next in the succession line are Johns nieces and nephews. According to the law, Johns remaining estate will be subdivided equally among Steve and Nancy. His first cousin Fred and Nancys daughter are not entitled to any inheritance. Fred could only be a candidate to inheritance if he were the only relative alive. Mary, Nancys daughter, cannot receive any inheritance since her mother has already received a gift from John. Before making this judgment, Joe should first investigate whether John has a legally recognized spo use. The Case of Mary Murphy On further probing, Joe realized that John had a legally binding affair with a man named Mary Murphy. This fact is ascertained by the discovery of a marriage certificate in Johns house. Joe believes that Mary Murphy did not spend any time with John, and the couple did not have any children. John did not mention of Mary Murphy in his Will, and there is no document to show that Mary is exempt from Johns inheritance. Therefore, there is a possibility that Mary will appear later to claim his legal right share as a married spouse. The Succession Act of 1965 Article 376 states that a spouse is entitled to half of the testators estate if the couple had no children. However, Article 380 of the same Act precludes a spouse from inheriting any estate if they had deserted the testator for two or more years before the latters death (Keatin, 2016). I advise Joe to ignore Mary Murphy since she has no right under the law to claim any share of Johns estate. References Keatin A. Succession Law in Ireland: Principles, Cases and Commentary. Clarus Press Ward, P. (2010). Family Law in Ireland. Kluwer Law International.

Proposal for Problem at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal for Problem at Work - Essay Example One of its entrepreneurial ventures focused on health care considering the organization as the â€Å"market leader in cardiac care, acute care and home healthcare, energy efficient lighting solutions and new lighting applications, as well as lifestyle products for personal well-being and pleasure with strong leadership positions in flat TV, male shaving and grooming, portable entertainment and oral healthcare† (Philips: Company Profile, 2011, par. 2). To provide continued service to its wide range of clientele, the Philips Emergency Call Center was designed to respond to medical emergencies through a medical alert service and a medication dispensing service with the ultimate goal of giving peace of mind to consumers. Call center agents, called Lifeline Personal Response Associates, are available 24/7 to assist in responding to various medical assistance inquiries and provide appropriate interventions and support (Philips Lifeline Employment, 2011, par. 1). Statement of the pro blem Parallel to other organizations with diverse composition of personnel responding to various needs of clients, organizational problems normally ensue. At Philip Lifeline, the identified problems are as follows: (1) associates making mistakes in responding to calls due to any of the following factors: cell phone use (texting); noise level (associates being loud while taking a call; people having loud conversations; talking across the room); using work email; associates standing up when handling a call; and (2) associates rushing during calls due in response to increases in call volume to get bonus; to leave for scheduled breaks, and in a hurry to end the shift. Analysis From the problems identified, it could be deduced that the root causes of the dilemmas are interferences that affect productivity (use of cell phones while taking calls, noise levels, and improper work decorum). Further, rushing in responding to inquiries due to various reasons could also be a symptom for lack of motivation and rewards in the workplace. In addition, the inability of management to address infractions or violations to company policies (using cellphone, emails while taking calls) makes these problems persistent and unaddressed. Financial Analysis The financial condition of Philips Lifeline, as revealed in its official website contain information that indicate a decrease in net income during the first quarter of 2011 of EUR 63 million to amount to EUR 138 million, as compared to EUR 201 million in 2010. However, when sales by sector was reviewed, healthcare actually contributed to a 5% comparable growth rate from EUR 1,821 million in the first quarter of 2010 to EUR 1,971 million in the same time period for 2011 (Quarterly Report, 2011). This simply means that the healthcare services encompassing the performance of associates posted positive growth despite the identified problems. More importantly, if these problems are properly addressed, greater performance and productivity wo uld result to increase financial condition and success that would be reflected in positive financial growth and increased bottom line. Objections/Alternatives Given the problems identified and analyzed, as well as the information provided from the organization’s financial condition, the alternative courses of action that management could consider to address the problems are as follows: (1) review company policies and sanctions; (2) re-orient all employees on the organization’s code of discipline by communicating company policies

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC Assignment

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC. LEVEL - Assignment Example The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. Table of Contents Executive summary 2 This is a report project that involves project selection procedure for M.Sc. course enrolment for more students in London South Bank University, UK. The process entails project management structure analysis, business case analysis project and individual plans analysis and individual reflections. Marketing on different platform influences decision on potential students to consider joining the faculty. The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. ... This is why it is necessary for London South Bank University to use promotional approaches that are innovative to increase the number of students in M.Sc. Level. To undertake the project tasks it is essential to analyze the component of project management. In this section, project management Project Management Structure To manage the resources effectively, it is necessary to devise management structure that would control project process effectively. A project organization is a structure that enables the management and execution of project tasks. Its main purpose is to generate an environment that improves communications among the team members with a smallest level of disruptions, conflict and overlaps (Moore 2007). One of the significant decisions of project organization is the outline of managerial structure that will be applied for the project. This is a project that involves a team of consultants each individually selecting and working on a promotional technique such as Facebook, Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube and others. It is necessary to outline project details so as to assist in management process. Project Name: Project on promotional approaches to increase student number at M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Project Time Frame: 14 days Project Details: Selection of social promotional platform suitable for the college marketing strategy. Project’s purpose: Plan, devise and prepare promotional material for student enrolment in M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Approximated cost ?10,000 (ten thousand) To facilitate the project activities the following management structure is essential. Fig. Example of project management structure (See elaborate one in Appendix A) The project concerns marketing promotion